Field Application of Modified In Situ Soil Flushing in Combination with Air Sparging at a Military Site Polluted by Diesel and Gasoline in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Explanation of the Target Area
Item | Reclamation Soil | Weathering Soil |
---|---|---|
pH | 6.0 | 5.9 |
Porosity (%) | 39.0 | 29.7 |
Density (g/cm3) | 1.62 | 1.73 |
Distribution of soil (%) | Granule 3.6% | Granule 1.3% |
Sand 94.1% | Sand 89.7% | |
Silt/Clay 2.3% | Silt/Clay 8.9% |
2.2. Pilot Scale Test
2.3. Full Scale Test
2.4. Experimental Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Pilot Scale Application
3.1.1. Efficiency Assessment with the Non-Pressure Dose
3.1.2. Pilot Scale Assessment of Air Sparging
Pollutant | With Surfactant | Without Surfactant |
---|---|---|
TPH (g) | 187 | 131 |
BTEX (g) | 458 | 440 |
3.2. Full Scale Application
Depth (m) | Pore Volume 0 | Pore Volume 0.7 | Pore Volume 1.7 | Pore Volume 2.9 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TPH (mg/kg) | *SD | TPH (mg/kg) | SD | TPH (mg/kg) | SD | TPH (mg/kg) | SD | |
6–7 m | 654 | 90 | 684 | 68 | 441 | 44 | 309 | 90 |
7–8 m | 1170 | 98 | 892 | 91 | 662 | 83 | 498 | 97 |
8−9 m | 1575 | 93 | 1203 | 58 | 829 | 78 | 601 | 93 |
Depth (m) | Pore Volume 0 | Pore Volume 0.7 | Pore Volume 1.7 | Pore Volume 2.9 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BTEX (mg/kg) | *SD | BTEX (mg/kg) | SD | BTEX (mg/kg) | SD | BTEX (mg/kg) | SD | |
6–7 m | 73 | 6 | 92 | 8 | 15 | 6 | 14 | 8 |
7–8 m | 119 | 10 | 100 | 6 | 35 | 9 | 30 | 7 |
8–9 m | 166 | 7 | 97 | 8 | 30 | 9 | 21 | 6 |
Depth | Before Operation | After Operation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Average TPH Mass(kg) | Average BTEX Mass(kg) | Average TPH Mass(kg) | Average BTEX Mass(kg) | |
6–7 m | 1589 | 178 | 751 | 34 |
7–8 m | 3036 | 309 | 1292 | 78 |
8–9 m | 4087 | 430 | 1560 | 54 |
Total | 8712 | 917 | 3603 (*58.6%) | 165 (*82.0%) |
Depth | TPH (>500 mg/kg) | BTEX (>80 mg/kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pore Volume 0 | Pore Volume 2.9 | Pore Volume 0 | Pore Volume 2.9 | |
6–7 m | 739 | 241 | 160 | 1 |
7–8 m | 902 | 437 | 510 | 24 |
8–9 m | 889 | 512 | 420 | 52 |
Total | 2530 | 1190 | 1090 | 77 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Lee, H.; Lee, Y.; Kim, J.; Kim, C. Field Application of Modified In Situ Soil Flushing in Combination with Air Sparging at a Military Site Polluted by Diesel and Gasoline in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 8806-8824. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110908806
Lee H, Lee Y, Kim J, Kim C. Field Application of Modified In Situ Soil Flushing in Combination with Air Sparging at a Military Site Polluted by Diesel and Gasoline in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(9):8806-8824. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110908806
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hwan, Yoonjin Lee, Jaeyoung Kim, and Choltae Kim. 2014. "Field Application of Modified In Situ Soil Flushing in Combination with Air Sparging at a Military Site Polluted by Diesel and Gasoline in Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 9: 8806-8824. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110908806
APA StyleLee, H., Lee, Y., Kim, J., & Kim, C. (2014). Field Application of Modified In Situ Soil Flushing in Combination with Air Sparging at a Military Site Polluted by Diesel and Gasoline in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(9), 8806-8824. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110908806