Changes in Eating Behaviours among Czech Children and Adolescents from 2002 to 2014 (HBSC Study)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Survey Design and Sample
2.2. HBSC Questionnaire
2.3. Eating Behaviours
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | |
n= | (1918) | (2140) | (2099) | (2050) | (1885) | (2065) | (2127) | (2253) |
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
Age category § | ||||||||
11 years | 34.3 | 33.6 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 34.2 | 30.7 | 30.5 | 31.6 |
13 years | 32.0 | 33.6 | 33.7 | 33.5 | 31.2 | 34.8 | 33.6 | 34.3 |
15 years | 33.7 | 32.8 | 34.3 | 34.5 | 34.6 | 34.5 | 35.9 | 34.1 |
Gender | 47.3 | 52.7 | 50.6 | 49.4 | 47.7 | 52.3 | 48.6 | 51.4 |
Eating behaviours * | ||||||||
Daily soft drinks | 30.4 | 26.1 | 34.3 | 27.1 | 24.6 | 19.9 | 17.2 | 14.2 |
Daily sweets | 25.5 | 24.9 | 30.1 | 29.9 | 26.5 | 28.2 | 21.0 | 21.5 |
Daily fruit | 37.0 | 49.0 | 33.1 | 45.2 | 37.3 | 47.1 | 33.1 | 41.8 |
Daily vegetables | 23.4 | 31.1 | 23.8 | 31.6 | 26.0 | 37.6 | 24.2 | 31.3 |
Daily breakfast (weekday) | 58.0 | 44.7 | 51.7 | 45.0 | 57.6 | 49.5 | 60.2 | 54.3 |
Daily breakfast (weekend) | 84.9 | 86.1 | 82.8 | 85.2 | 80.7 | 85.1 | 83.1 | 87.2 |
3. Results
3.1. Overall Changes in Eating Behaviours
3.2. Gender and Age Specific Changes in Eating Behaviours
2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | 2014 vs. 2002 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio to Reach the Variables 1−6 | % a | % a | % a | % a | OR | 95% CI | |
Lower | Upper | ||||||
Daily soft drinks 1 | |||||||
Boys | 30.4 | 34.3 ∧ | 24.6 ♯ | 17.2 | 0.48 *** | 0.41 | 0.55 |
11 years | 27.9 ♯ | 35.0 O | 18.7 | 15.3 | 0.46 *** | 0.35 | 0.61 |
13 years | 29.0 | 34.3 | 26.6 | 18.9 | 057 *** | 0.44 | 0.74 |
15 years | 34.2 ∧ | 33.8 O | 28.5 O | 17.3 | 0.40 *** | 0.31 | 0.52 |
Girls | 26.1 | 27.1 ∧ | 19.9 ♯ | 14.2 | 0.47 *** | 0.40 | 0.54 |
11 years | 22.5 ♯ | 26.4 O | 15.5 | 13.2 | 0.52 *** | 0.39 | 0.69 |
13 years | 29.1 | 31.1 | 23.2 | 15.3 | 0.44 *** | 0.34 | 0.57 |
15 years | 26.8 ∧ | 23.9 O | 20.9 O | 14.0 | 0.44 *** | 0.34 | 0.58 |
Daily sweets 2 | |||||||
Boys | 25.5 | 30.1 | 26.5 | 21.0 | 0.79 ** | 0.67 | 0.90 |
11 years | 20.7 O | 30.7 ♯ | 21.4 | 22.4 | 1.11 | 0.85 | 1.44 |
13 years | 27.4 | 28.3 | 27.9 | 21.8 | 0.74 * | 0.57 | 0.95 |
15 years | 28.3 ♯ | 31.3 | 30.3 | 18.9 | 0.59 *** | 0.46 | 0.76 |
Girls | 24.9 | 29.9 | 28.2 | 21.5 | 0.83 ** | 0.72 | 0.95 |
11 years | 28.4 O | 25.3 ♯ | 21.6 | 18.9 | 0.59 *** | 0.46 | 0.75 |
13 years | 23.0 | 32.6 | 32.8 | 24.0 | 1.06 | 0.83 | 1.34 |
15 years | 23.3 ♯ | 31.8 | 30.1 | 21.5 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 1.16 |
Daily fruit 3 | |||||||
Boys | 37.0 O | 33.1 O | 37.3 O | 33.1 O | 0.82 ** | 0.72 | 0.94 |
11 years | 42.9 O | 37.6 O | 42.2 O | 40.8 O | 0.92 | 0.74 | 1.14 |
13 years | 38.3 O | 36.5 O | 40.0 ♯ | 32.8 O | 0.78 * | 0.63 | 0.98 |
15 years | 29.8 O | 25.3 O | 29.6 O | 25.6 O | 0.81 | 0.64 | 1.02 |
Girls | 49.0 O | 45.2 O | 47.1 O | 41.8 O | 0.74 *** | 0.66 | 0.83 |
11 years | 54.8 O | 48.4 O | 54.7 O | 50.4 O | 0.84 | 0.68 | 1.03 |
13 years | 47.4 O | 46.4 O | 45.9 ♯ | 40.9 O | 0.77 * | 0.63 | 0.94 |
15 years | 44.8 O | 40.8 O | 40.6 O | 34.1 O | 0.64 *** | 0.52 | 0.79 |
Daily vegetables 4 | |||||||
Boys | 23.4 ∧ | 23.8 O | 26.0 O | 24.2 ∧ | 1.03 | 0.89 | 1.19 |
11 years | 28.5 ♯ | 25.9 ∧ | 29.4 O | 28.7 ∧ | 1.01 | 0.79 | 1.29 |
13 years | 22.0 O | 26.1 ∧ | 27.3 ♯ | 23.9 ∧ | 1.11 | 0.86 | 1.44 |
15 years | 19.8 O | 19.3 O | 21.3 O | 20.0 O | 1.02 | 0.78 | 1.32 |
Girls | 31.1 ∧ | 31.6 O | 37.6 O | 31.3 ∧ | 1.00 | 0.88 | 1.14 |
11 years | 34.6 ♯ | 33.9 ∧ | 43.1 O | 35.2 ∧ | 1.03 | 0.82 | 1.28 |
13 years | 30.1 O | 32.8 ∧ | 33.5 ♯ | 29.6 ∧ | 0.98 | 0.78 | 1.22 |
15 years | 28.5 O | 28.0 O | 36.2 O | 29.2 O | 1.03 | 0.82 | 1.30 |
Daily breakfast (weekday) 5 | |||||||
Boys | 58.0 O | 51.7 ∧ | 57.6 ∧ | 60.2 ∧ | 1.08 | 0.95 | 1.22 |
11 years | 63.7 O | 55.8 | 68.2 ♯ | 67.8 | 1.20 | 0.96 | 1.52 |
13 years | 54.7 O | 54.2 ♯ | 58.4 O | 60.3 ∧ | 1.26 * | 1.01 | 1.56 |
15 years | 55.5 O | 45.2 | 46.1 | 52.6 O | 0.89 | 0.72 | 1.10 |
Girls | 44.7 O | 45.0 ∧ | 49.5 ∧ | 54.3 ∧ | 1.45 *** | 1.29 | 1.63 |
11 years | 54.7 O | 51.6 | 62.0 ♯ | 66.5 | 1.64 *** | 1.32 | 2.04 |
13 years | 42.8 O | 38.9 ♯ | 45.3 O | 52.9 ∧ | 1.50 *** | 1.22 | 1.85 |
15 years | 36.5 O | 44.4 | 41.3 | 43.6 O | 1.34 ** | 1.09 | 1.66 |
Daily breakfast (weekend) 6 | |||||||
Boys | 84.9 | 82.8 | 80.7 ♯ | 83.1 ♯ | 0.86 | 0.72 | 1.02 |
11 years | 88.3 | 84.7 O | 84.7 ♯ | 85.7 O | 0.79 | 0.57 | 1.10 |
13 years | 84.6 | 84.7 | 83.3 | 83.3 ∧ | 0.90 | 0.67 | 1.22 |
15 years | 81.8 | 79.1 | 74.2 ∧ | 80.2 | 0.90 | 0.69 | 1.18 |
Girls | 86.1 | 85.2 | 85.1 ♯ | 87.2 ♯ | 1.09 | 0.91 | 1.30 |
11 years | 91.1 | 90.7 O | 88.8 ♯ | 92.4 O | 1.19 | 0.81 | 1.74 |
13 years | 86.3 | 82.9 | 86.5 | 88.1 ∧ | 1.18 | 0.87 | 1.61 |
15 years | 80.8 | 81.9 | 80.1 ∧ | 81.2 | 1.03 | 0.79 | 1.33 |
3.3. Gender and Age Differences
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Voráčová, J.; Sigmund, E.; Sigmundová, D.; Kalman, M. Changes in Eating Behaviours among Czech Children and Adolescents from 2002 to 2014 (HBSC Study). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 15888-15899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215028
Voráčová J, Sigmund E, Sigmundová D, Kalman M. Changes in Eating Behaviours among Czech Children and Adolescents from 2002 to 2014 (HBSC Study). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):15888-15899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215028
Chicago/Turabian StyleVoráčová, Jaroslava, Erik Sigmund, Dagmar Sigmundová, and Michal Kalman. 2015. "Changes in Eating Behaviours among Czech Children and Adolescents from 2002 to 2014 (HBSC Study)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 15888-15899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215028
APA StyleVoráčová, J., Sigmund, E., Sigmundová, D., & Kalman, M. (2015). Changes in Eating Behaviours among Czech Children and Adolescents from 2002 to 2014 (HBSC Study). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(12), 15888-15899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215028