Mapping to Support Fine Scale Epidemiological Cholera Investigations: A Case Study of Spatial Video in Haiti
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Cholera in Haiti
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Prior Methods and Results (Stage 1)
2.2. Stage 2
2.3. Stage 3
- Five “similar” locations were identified based on general proximity to the “of interest” sites, and the risk maps created from the 2012 spatial video run. A typical example would be a drain that had contained standing water and was “round the corner” from any positive water sample location.
- Five sample sites were suggested by other risk locations from the 2012 hazard maps, not proximate but with some spatial connection to the “of interest” sites. For example, by looking at the elevation of the streets, it was possible to guestimate which locations might be connected to the positive sites, being either “upstream” or “downstream” in terms of water drainage. Sites were also selected based on key locations that, from previous experience, might have contributed to the positive result, such as a nearby school.
- Five “prospect” test sites were identified from the 2012 hazard maps from which there had been no samples taken. As the water sample locations had been visually determined by the spatial video team during collection with no other risk data to guide them, it was possible that other areas might also have yielded positive results but were not tested. These five prospect sites were to fill-in such geographic gaps.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Stage 2
3.2. Stage 3
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Curtis, A.; Blackburn, J.K.; Smiley, S.L.; Yen, M.; Camilli, A.; Alam, M.T.; Ali, A.; Morris, J.G. Mapping to Support Fine Scale Epidemiological Cholera Investigations: A Case Study of Spatial Video in Haiti. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020187
Curtis A, Blackburn JK, Smiley SL, Yen M, Camilli A, Alam MT, Ali A, Morris JG. Mapping to Support Fine Scale Epidemiological Cholera Investigations: A Case Study of Spatial Video in Haiti. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(2):187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020187
Chicago/Turabian StyleCurtis, Andrew, Jason K. Blackburn, Sarah L. Smiley, Minmin Yen, Andrew Camilli, Meer Taifur Alam, Afsar Ali, and J. Glenn Morris. 2016. "Mapping to Support Fine Scale Epidemiological Cholera Investigations: A Case Study of Spatial Video in Haiti" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 2: 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020187
APA StyleCurtis, A., Blackburn, J. K., Smiley, S. L., Yen, M., Camilli, A., Alam, M. T., Ali, A., & Morris, J. G. (2016). Mapping to Support Fine Scale Epidemiological Cholera Investigations: A Case Study of Spatial Video in Haiti. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(2), 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020187