The Effect of a Leisure Time Physical Activity Intervention Delivered via a Workplace: 15-Month Follow-Up Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Design
2.2. Blood Analyses
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Outcome | Men Low Education (N = 37) a Mean (SD) | Men High Education (N = 41) e Mean (SD) | Women All (N = 43) b Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 43.0 (12.9) | 40.8 (11.1) | 42.6 (12.5) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 (4.8) | 25.4 (3.0) † | 24.4 (3.1) |
RHR (bpm) Smokers c | 65.7 (9.9) 6 | 61.3 (8.5) † 6 | 67.4 (10.9) * 0 * |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 123.3 (13.2) | 122.3 (11.5) | 112 (16) * |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.5 (9.5) | 79.2 (87.8) | 74 (8) * |
CRP (mg/L) | 2.3 (2.3) | 1.5 (1.7) | 1.9 (1.8) |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.0 (1.1) | 5.1 (1.1) | 5.4 (1.1) |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) † | 1.9 (0.4) * |
LDL (mmol/L) | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.2 (0.9) |
HbA1c (mmol/L) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.2 (0.3) † | 5.2 (0.3) |
VO2max d (mL/kg min) | 35.8 (5.3) | 40.8 (6.7) | 34.1 (9.5) * |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.9 (2.1) | 2.1 (1.8) | 2.1 (1.4) |
MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 317.0 (120.7) | 332.6 (126.3) | 288.3 (89.8) * |
TNF-α (pg/mL) | 7.5 (4.3) | 5.1 (3.6) † | 3.1 (3.1) * |
P-selectin (ng/mL) | 50.9 (18.7) | 45.9 (16.8) | 41.0 (10.6) * |
CD40L (pg/mL) | 4864 (2756) | 3336 (2134) † | 4742 (2590) * |
Leptin (µg/mL) | 8.7 (7.6) | 5.3 (4.4) † | 16.0 (13.6) * |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 6.6 (3.2) | 7.5 (2.6) | 10.5 (3.8) * |
Females N = 43 | Males N = 78 | All N = 121 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Unit | Time | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | |||
Syst. BP | (mmhg) | 15 months vs. BL | −0.81 | −5.88 | 4.27 | 0.752 | 3.92 | 0.42 | 7.42 | 0.029 | 2.27 | −0.59 | 5.13 | 0.119 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 0.57 | −4.55 | 5.69 | 0.824 | 2.44 | −1.20 | 6.07 | 0.187 | 1.82 | −1.12 | 4.76 | 0.223 | ||
Diast. BP | (mmhg) | 15 months vs. BL | −0.22 | −3.77 | 3.34 | 0.904 | 2.99 | 0.61 | 5.37 | 0.014 | 1.86 | −0.11 | 3.83 | 0.064 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | −0.56 | −4.15 | 3.03 | 0.756 | 0.59 | −1.89 | 3.06 | 0.640 | 0.19 | −1.83 | 2.21 | 0.851 | ||
RHR | (bmp) | 15 months vs. BL | 4.03 | 0.49 | 7.58 | 0.026 | 0.17 | −2.64 | 2.99 | 0.903 | 1.18 | −1.07 | 3.43 | 0.303 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 5.04 | 1.47 | 8.62 | 0.006 | −1.24 | −4.16 | 1.68 | 0.402 | 0.70 | −1.61 | 3.01 | 0.553 |
Females N = 42 | Males N = 77 | All N = 119 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Unit | Time | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | |||
Cholest. | (mmol/L) | 15 months vs. BL | −0.04 | −0.31 | 0.22 | 0.741 | 0.11 | −0.08 | 0.31 | 0.256 | 0.05 | −0.10 | 0.21 | 0.500 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 0.25 | −0.02 | 0.52 | 0.072 | 0.11 | −0.09 | 0.32 | 0.270 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.043 | ||
LDL | (mmol/L) | 15 months vs. BL | −0.05 | −0.24 | 0.15 | 0.645 | 0.10 | −0.06 | 0.27 | 0.226 | 0.05 | −0.08 | 0.18 | 0.440 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.43 | 0.024 | 0.14 | −0.03 | 0.32 | 0.114 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.31 | 0.009 | ||
HDL | (mmol/L) | 15 months vs. BL | 0.01 | −0.09 | 0.11 | 0.856 | −0.04 | −0.09 | 0.01 | 0.151 | −0.02 | −0.07 | 0.02 | 0.330 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 0.06 | −0.04 | 0.15 | 0.266 | −0.04 | −0.09 | 0.01 | 0.134 | −0.01 | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.750 | ||
HbA1c | (mmol/L) | 15 months vs. BL | −0.05 | −0.14 | 0.04 | 0.301 | −0.06 | −0.11 | −0.01 | 0.028 | −0.06 | −0.11 | −0.01 | 0.014 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | −0.02 | −0.12 | 0.07 | 0.617 | −0.05 | −0.10 | 0.01 | 0.080 | −0.04 | −0.09 | 0.01 | 0.088 |
Females N = 42 | Males N = 77 a | All N = 119 b | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Unit | Time | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | |||
logCRP | (mg/L) | 15 months vs. BL | −0.18 | −0.56 | 0.19 | 0.338 | −0.28 | −0.53 | −0.03 | 0.030 | −0.25 | −0.46 | −0.04 | 0.019 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | −0.06 | −0.44 | 0.32 | 0.737 | −0.16 | −0.42 | 0.10 | 0.234 | −0.13 | −0.34 | 0.08 | 0.232 | ||
IL-6 | (pg/mL) | 15 months vs. BL | 0.00 | −0.51 | 0.52 | 0.994 | −0.62 | −1.1 | −0.13 | 0.013 | −0.39 | −0.75 | −0.04 | 0.032 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 0.14 | −0.34 | 0.62 | 0.572 | −0.34 | −0.8 | 0.12 | 0.154 | −0.18 | −0.51 | 0.16 | 0.310 | ||
MCP-1 | (pg/mL) | 15 months vs. BL | 41.36 | 7.10 | 75.61 | 0.020 | 6.82 | −24.40 | 38.04 | 0.669 | 18.63 | −5.23 | 42.50 | 0.127 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 20.75 | −11.69 | 53.20 | 0.212 | 19.31 | −10.86 | 49.48 | 0.211 | 18.80 | −4.02 | 41.61 | 0.107 | ||
TNF-α | (pg/mL) | 15 months vs. BL | 0.17 | −0.94 | 1.28 | 0.761 | −0.31 | −1.27 | 0.65 | 0.523 | −0.15 | −0.93 | 0.62 | 0.697 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | −0.06 | −1.11 | 0.99 | 0.907 | 0.01 | −0.91 | 0.93 | 0.983 | −0.06 | −0.80 | 0.68 | 0.877 |
Females N = 42 | Males N = 77 | All N = 119 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Unit | Time | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | Β | 95% CI | p | |||
P-selec. | (ng/mL) | 15 months vs. BL | 1.55 | −2.94 | 6.04 | 0.501 | 1.71 | −2.41 | 5.83 | 0.417 | 1.75 | −1.31 | 4.82 | 0.263 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 2.73 | −1.53 | 6.98 | 0.211 | 3.30 | −0.67 | 7.28 | 0.105 | 3.06 | 0.13 | 6.00 | 0.041 | ||
CD40L | (pg/mL) | 15 months vs. BL | 267.82 | −903.72 | 1439.35 | 0.655 | 1149.37 | 316.46 | 1982.28 | 0.007 | 851.70 | 169.57 | 1533.83 | 0.015 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 803.57 | −299.04 | 1906.19 | 0.155 | 1418.38 | 611.60 | 2225.16 | 0.001 | 1204.99 | 551.66 | 1858.32 | 0.000 | ||
Leptin ln | (µg/mL) | 15 months vs. BL | 0.10 | −0.17 | 0.37 | 0.482 | 0.08 | −0.11 | 0.28 | 0.408 | 0.09 | −0.08 | 0.25 | 0.311 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | 0.04 | −0.22 | 0.31 | 0.744 | 0.10 | −0.09 | 0.29 | 0.308 | 0.07 | −0.09 | 0.23 | 0.369 | ||
Adipon. | (µg/mL) | 15 months vs. BL | −0.45 | −1.34 | 0.44 | 0.324 | −0.01 | −0.67 | 0.66 | 0.985 | −0.20 | −0.73 | 0.33 | 0.457 |
15 months vs. 8 weeks | −0.49 | −1.33 | 0.35 | 0.252 | −0.11 | −0.75 | 0.53 | 0.727 | −0.28 | −0.78 | 0.23 | 0.283 |
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Skogstad, M.; Lunde, L.-K.; Ulvestad, B.; Aass, H.C.D.; Clemm, T.; Mamen, A.; Skare, Ø. The Effect of a Leisure Time Physical Activity Intervention Delivered via a Workplace: 15-Month Follow-Up Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020264
Skogstad M, Lunde L-K, Ulvestad B, Aass HCD, Clemm T, Mamen A, Skare Ø. The Effect of a Leisure Time Physical Activity Intervention Delivered via a Workplace: 15-Month Follow-Up Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(2):264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020264
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkogstad, Marit, Lars-Kristian Lunde, Bente Ulvestad, Hans Christian D. Aass, Thomas Clemm, Asgeir Mamen, and Øivind Skare. 2018. "The Effect of a Leisure Time Physical Activity Intervention Delivered via a Workplace: 15-Month Follow-Up Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2: 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020264