Biosorption of Cadmium by Non-Toxic Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Synthesized by Bacteria from Marine Intertidal Biofilms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Strains
Bacillus sp. MC3B-22 Identification
2.2. EPS Production
2.3. Cadmium Biosorption Experiments
2.3.1. Equilibrium Biosorption Isotherm
2.3.2. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
2.4. Toxicity Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Molecular Identification of Bacillus sp. MC3B-22
3.2. Cadmium Biosorption Isotherms of Microbactan and B. firmus EPS
3.3. XPS Analysis before and after Biosorption
3.3.1. B. firmus EPS
3.3.2. Microbactan
3.4. Toxicity of Microbactan and B. firmus EPS
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EPS | Qmax (mg g−1) | K (L mg−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
Microbactan | 97.12 | 0.254 | 0.954 |
B. firmus | 141.10 | 0.064 | 0.990 |
Element | Peak (eV) before Biosorption | Assignment | Peak (eV) after Biosorption | Area before Biosorption | Area after Biosorption |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1s | 283.82 | C–(C, H) | - | 1984.1 | - |
C1s | 284.65 | C–C | 284.63 | 18,133 | 18,644 |
C=C | |||||
C–(O, H) | |||||
C1s | 286.05 | C–O | 285.98 | 14,729 | 6053.3 |
C–N | |||||
C=N | |||||
C1s | 287.50 | C=O | 288.28 | 16,978 | 2351.4 |
O–C–O | |||||
N1s | 399.78 | NH2 | 399.42 | 5593.1 | 970.79 |
NH | |||||
Interaction | - | –N:–Cd2+ | 400.11 | - | 809.53 |
Element | Peak (eV) before Biosorption | Assignment | Peak (eV) after Biosorption | Area before Biosorption | Area after Biosorption |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1s | 284.69 | C=C | 284.67 | 12,005 | 21,890 |
C–(O, H) | |||||
C1s | 286.22 | C–O | 286.16 | 12,383 | 14,376 |
C–(O, H) | |||||
C1s | 287.55 | C=O | 287.37 | 24,212 | 23,695 |
N1s | 399.93 | NH2 | 399.23 | 2263.6 | 361.49 |
NH | |||||
Interaction | - | –N:–Cd2+ | 399.95 | - | 2175.5 |
Biopolymers | IC50 µg mL−1 |
---|---|
Microbactan | >1000 |
B. firmus EPS | >1000 |
Alginate | >1000 |
Xanthan gum | >1000 |
CuSO4·5H2O (Positive control) | 9.89 ± 4.69 |
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Camacho-Chab, J.C.; Castañeda-Chávez, M.D.R.; Chan-Bacab, M.J.; Aguila-Ramírez, R.N.; Galaviz-Villa, I.; Bartolo-Pérez, P.; Lango-Reynoso, F.; Tabasco-Novelo, C.; Gaylarde, C.; Ortega-Morales, B.O. Biosorption of Cadmium by Non-Toxic Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Synthesized by Bacteria from Marine Intertidal Biofilms. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020314
Camacho-Chab JC, Castañeda-Chávez MDR, Chan-Bacab MJ, Aguila-Ramírez RN, Galaviz-Villa I, Bartolo-Pérez P, Lango-Reynoso F, Tabasco-Novelo C, Gaylarde C, Ortega-Morales BO. Biosorption of Cadmium by Non-Toxic Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Synthesized by Bacteria from Marine Intertidal Biofilms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(2):314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020314
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamacho-Chab, Juan Carlos, María Del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez, Manuel Jesús Chan-Bacab, Ruth Noemí Aguila-Ramírez, Itzel Galaviz-Villa, Pascual Bartolo-Pérez, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso, Carolina Tabasco-Novelo, Christine Gaylarde, and Benjamín Otto Ortega-Morales. 2018. "Biosorption of Cadmium by Non-Toxic Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) Synthesized by Bacteria from Marine Intertidal Biofilms" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2: 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020314