Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Umbilical Cord Serum from Pregnant Women Living Near a Chemical Plant in Tianjin, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Analytical Methods and Instrumentation
2.3. Quality Assurance and Quality Control
2.4. Statistic Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. PCDD/F and dl-PCB Concentrations and Their TEQs
3.2. Congener Profiles of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs
3.3. Comparison of TEQs of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs with Those in Other Countries
3.4. Risk Assessment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical approval code
References
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Compounds | DL | DR (%) | Min. | Median | Max. | Mean | Mean TEQ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∑PCDD/Fs | 100.0 | 43.0 | 227 | 1335 | 336 | 14.0 | |
∑PCDDs | 100.0 | 9.76 | 175 | 1234 | 252 | 7.34 | |
2,3,7,8-TCDD | 0.24 | 20.8 | ND | ND | 14.0 | 1.49 | 1.49 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD | 0.36 | 36.3 | ND | ND | 18.7 | 2.14 | 2.14 |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD | 0.12 | 37.5 | ND | ND | 33.8 | 4.08 | 0.41 |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD | 0.12 | 62.5 | ND | 3.99 | 164 | 13.8 | 1.38 |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD | 0.12 | 54.2 | ND | 2.95 | 150 | 15.6 | 1.56 |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD | 0.24 | 70.8 | ND | 5.28 | 470 | 30.9 | 0.31 |
OCDD | 0.20 | 91.7 | ND | 141 | 1200 | 183 | 0.06 |
∑PCDFs | 100.0 | 17.6 | 48.5 | 296 | 85.1 | 6.62 | |
2,3,7,8-TCDF | 0.20 | 95.8 | ND | 16.4 | 75.5 | 22.7 | 2.27 |
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF | 0.39 | 33,3 | ND | ND | 35.8 | 2.45 | 0.07 |
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF | 0.36 | 62.5 | ND | 2.18 | 46.8 | 6.60 | 1.98 |
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF | 0.24 | 54.2 | ND | 2.20 | 13.9 | 4.23 | 0.42 |
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.20 | 70.8 | ND | 4.05 | 111 | 10.4 | 1.04 |
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF | 0.16 | 66.7 | ND | 1.03 | 27.8 | 3.98 | 0.40 |
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF | 0.20 | 50.0 | ND | ND | 17.9 | 2.13 | 0.21 |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF | 0.20 | 29.2 | ND | 3.99 | 111 | 13.5 | 0.14 |
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF | 0.24 | 75.0 | ND | ND | 171 | 8.84 | 0.09 |
OCDF | 0.16 | 29.2 | ND | ND | 108 | 10.2 | 0.003 |
∑dl-PCBs | 100.0 | 330 | 1323 | 7908 | 2700 | 2.14 | |
∑non-ortho PCBs | 100.0 | 6.10 | 42.7 | 963 | 240 | 2.06 | |
PCB 77 | 0.63 | 91.7 | ND | 33.2 | 880 | 207 | 0.02 |
PCB 81 | 0.55 | 58.3 | ND | 5.34 | 35.5 | 11.1 | 0.003 |
PCB 126 | 0.87 | 66.7 | ND | 16.1 | 75.0 | 19.6 | 1.96 |
PCB 169 | 1.18 | 37.5 | ND | ND | 17.9 | 2.72 | 0.08 |
∑mono-ortho PCBs | 100.0 | 303 | 1226 | 6944 | 2460 | 0.07 | |
PCB 105 | 0.95 | 95.8 | ND | 170 | 2045 | 568. | 0.02 |
PCB 114 | 0.67 | 100.0 | 10.6 | 49.6 | 225 | 79.3 | 0.002 |
PCB 118 | 0.75 | 100.0 | 138 | 585 | 3778 | 1311 | 0.04 |
PCB 123 | 0.79 | 95.8 | ND | 18.7 | 94.8 | 28.8 | 0.0009 |
PCB 156 | 1.18 | 100.0 | 31.0 | 201 | 604 | 265 | 0.08 |
PCB 157 | 1.18 | 100.0 | 17.6 | 69.1 | 217 | 79.5 | 0.002 |
PCB 167 | 1.07 | 100.0 | 13.0 | 66.9 | 217 | 91.3 | 0.003 |
PCB 189 | 1.22 | 79.2 | ND | 19.4 | 113 | 37.8 | 0.001 |
∑(PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs) | 100.0 | 476 | 1842 | 8307 | 3037 | 16.1 |
OCDD | PCB 105 | PCB 114 | PCB 118 | PCB 123 | PCB 126 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OCDD | 1 | |||||
PCB 105 | 0.61 ** | 1 | ||||
PCB 114 | 0.52 ** | 0.89 *** | 1 | |||
PCB 118 | 0.56 ** | 0.98 *** | 0.90 *** | 1 | ||
PCB 123 | 0.54 ** | 0.72 *** | 0.74 *** | 0.74 *** | 1 | |
PCB 126 | 0.59 ** | 0.50 * | 0.48 * | 0.48 * | 0.41* | 1 |
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Yu, D.; Liu, X.; Liu, X.; Cao, W.; Zhang, X.; Tian, H.; Wang, J.; Xiong, N.; Wen, S.; Wu, Y.; et al. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Umbilical Cord Serum from Pregnant Women Living Near a Chemical Plant in Tianjin, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122178
Yu D, Liu X, Liu X, Cao W, Zhang X, Tian H, Wang J, Xiong N, Wen S, Wu Y, et al. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Umbilical Cord Serum from Pregnant Women Living Near a Chemical Plant in Tianjin, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(12):2178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122178
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Dezhong, Xiaofang Liu, Xiao Liu, Wencheng Cao, Xiaotian Zhang, Haoyuan Tian, Jin Wang, Nan Xiong, Sheng Wen, Yongning Wu, and et al. 2019. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Umbilical Cord Serum from Pregnant Women Living Near a Chemical Plant in Tianjin, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12: 2178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122178