How do Interpersonal Relationships Relieve Adolescents’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use? The Roles of Loneliness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phones
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Potential Mediating Roles of Loneliness and Motivation in Phone Use
1.2. Potential Relation between Loneliness and Motivation in Phone Use
2. Method
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Parent–Child Relationship
2.2.2. Teacher–Student Relationship
2.2.3. Loneliness
2.2.4. Motivation to Use Mobile Phones
2.2.5. Problematic Mobile Phone Use
2.3. Data Analytical Strategies
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics and Correlations between Main Measures
3.2. Mediating Roles of Loneliness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phones
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Main Variables | M (SD) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Parent–child relationship | 3.43 (1.13) | 1.00 | ||||
2. Teacher–student relationship | 3.55 (0.63) | 0.38 *** | 1.00 | |||
3. Loneliness | 1.92 (0.69) | −0.27 *** | −0.32 *** | 1.00 | ||
4. Escape motivation | 2.70 (1.06) | −0.21 *** | −0.16 *** | 0.20 *** | 1.00 | |
5. Relationship motivation | 2.49 (1.17) | −0.04 * | 0.003 | −0.008 | 0.47 *** | 1.00 |
6. PMPU | 2.36 (0.79) | −0.21 *** | −0.16 *** | 0.22 *** | 0.64 *** | 0.35 *** |
PMPU | Parent–Child Relationship | Teacher–Student Relationship | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | |
One-step mediation | ||||
Indirect via loneliness | [−0.020 ~ −0.009] | −0.015 *** | [−0.029 ~ −0.013] | −0.021 *** |
Indirect via escape motivation | [−0.103 ~ −0.058] | −0.081 *** | [−0.059 ~ −0.019] | −0.039 *** |
Indirect via relationship motivation | [−0.006 ~ <0.000] | −0.003 * | ||
Two-step mediation | ||||
Indirect via loneliness and escape motivation | [−0.020 ~ −0.011] | −0.015 *** | [−0.027 ~ −0.016] | −0.022 *** |
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Zhen, R.; Liu, R.-D.; Hong, W.; Zhou, X. How do Interpersonal Relationships Relieve Adolescents’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use? The Roles of Loneliness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phones. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132286
Zhen R, Liu R-D, Hong W, Zhou X. How do Interpersonal Relationships Relieve Adolescents’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use? The Roles of Loneliness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phones. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(13):2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132286
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhen, Rui, Ru-De Liu, Wei Hong, and Xiao Zhou. 2019. "How do Interpersonal Relationships Relieve Adolescents’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use? The Roles of Loneliness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phones" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132286
APA StyleZhen, R., Liu, R. -D., Hong, W., & Zhou, X. (2019). How do Interpersonal Relationships Relieve Adolescents’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use? The Roles of Loneliness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phones. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132286