ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder among Organ Transplant Patients and Their Relatives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Adjustment Disorder in ICD-11
1.2. Organ Transplantation, Related Stressors and Long-Term Mental Health
1.3. Relatives of Transplant Patients
1.4. Social Support in the Post-Transplant Context
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Adjustment Disorder
2.2.2. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
2.2.3. Somatic Problems
2.2.4. Depression
2.2.5. Health-Related Quality of Life
2.2.6. Social Support
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of AD
3.2. Correlations of Study Variables
3.3. Predictors of AD in Patients and Relatives
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age (Years): M (SD) Range | Patients (n = 140) | Relatives (n = 140) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
54.16 (16.07) 16–82 | 57.53 (11.49) 24–80 | ||||
n | % | n | % | ||
Age group | <50 | 48 | 34.3 | 29 | 20.7 |
50 to 65 | 52 | 37.1 | 71 | 50.7 | |
>65 | 39 | 27.9 | 35 | 25.0 | |
missing | 1 | 0.7 | 5 | 3.6 | |
Sex | Women | 65 | 46.4 | 88 | 62.9 |
Men | 74 | 52.9 | 51 | 36.4 | |
Missing | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.7 | |
Employment | Employed | 37 | 26.5 | 64 | 45.8 |
Self-employed | 9 | 6.4 | 12 | 8.6 | |
Homemaker | 4 | 2.9 | 8 | 5.7 | |
Student | 9 | 6.4 | |||
Retired | 75 | 53.6 | 51 | 36.4 | |
Unemployed | 2 | 1.4 | 3 | 2.1 | |
Other | 3 | 2.1 | 2 | 1.4 | |
Missing | 1 | 0.7 | |||
Education | Junior High | 24 | 17.1 | 31 | 22.1 |
High School | 70 | 50.0 | 72 | 51.4 | |
College | 43 | 30.7 | 36 | 25.7 | |
Other | 3 | 2.1 | 1 | 0.7 | |
Organ transplant * | Liver | 23 | 16.4 | ||
Lung | 49 | 35.0 | |||
Kidney | 26 | 18.6 | |||
Heart | 49 | 35.0 | |||
Time since transplantation (years) | 13.5 | ||||
Relationship with patient | Partner | 102 | 72.9 | ||
Parent | 25 | 17.9 | |||
Child | 9 | 6.4 | |||
Other | 3 | 2.1 | |||
Missing | 1 | 0.7 |
Measure | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | 31.60 (13.10) | 32.31 (13.39) | 7.12 (1.92) | 7.45 (2.39) | 161.29 (109.69) | 54.1 (16.07) | 57.5 (11.59) | 7.77 (5.31) | 46.21 (10.45) | 9.56 (2.13) | 9.31 (2.15) |
1. Adjustment disorder, pat. | - | ||||||||||
2. Adjustment disorder, rel. | 0.27 ** | - | |||||||||
3. PTSD, pat. | 0.66 ** | 0.20 | - | ||||||||
4. PTSD, rel. | 0.20 * | 0.71 ** | 0.11 | - | |||||||
5. Time since transplantation | 0.03 | 0.09 | −0.01 | −0.01 | - | ||||||
6. Age, patient | 0.01 | −0.02 | −0.09 | −0.03 | 0.14 | - | |||||
7. Age, relative | 0.11 | 0.12 | −0.07 | 0.04 | 0.24 ** | 0.51 *** | - | ||||
8. Somatic problems, pat. | 0.62 *** | 0.17 * | 0.43 ** | 0.18 * | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.06 | - | |||
9. Physical life quality, pat. | −0.43 *** | −0.20 * | −0.25 ** | −0.20 * | −0.08 | −0.40 *** | −0.31 | −0.58 *** | - | ||
10. Social support, pat. | −0.23 *** | −0.17 * | −0.26 ** | −0.02 | −0.21 * | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.32 *** | 0.12 | - | |
11. Social support, rel. | −0.15 | −0.39 ** | −0.10 | −0.24 ** | −0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | −0.18 * | 0.04 | 0.39 *** | - |
b | se | β | t | p | R²ᶺ | Fᶺ | Pᶺ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | ||||||||
Gender | −0.642 ** | 0.235 | −0.253 ** | −2.732 | 0.007 | |||
Age | 0.037 | 0.070 | 0.047 | 0.5326 | 0.600 | |||
Time since transplantation | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.056 | 0.619 | 0.537 | |||
Type of organ | 2.174 * | 1.025 | 0.191 * | 2.121 | 0.036 | 0.00 | 2.640 * | 0.037 |
Step 2 | ||||||||
Gender | −3.790 * | 1.865 | −0.149 * | −2.033 | 0.044 | |||
Age | −0.073 | 0.061 | −0.094 | −1.200 | 0.233 | |||
Time since transplantation | −0.005 | 0.008 | −0.039 | −0.546 | 0.586 | |||
Type of organ | 1.730 * | 0.840 | 0.152 * | 2.153 | 0.033 | |||
Somatic problems | 1.320 *** | 0.202 | 0.562 *** | 6.538 | 0.000 | |||
Physical life quality | −0.134 | 0.111 | −0.112 | −1.211 | 0.228 | 0.366 | 39.050 *** | 0.000 |
Step 3 | ||||||||
Gender | −3.338 ^ | 1.866 | −0.131 ^ | −1.789 | 0.076 | |||
Age | −0.070 | 0.060 | −0.091 | −1.172 | 0.244 | |||
Time since transplantation | −0.008 | 0.008 | −0.067 | −0.919 | 0.360 | |||
Type of organ | 1.718 | 0.796 | 0.151 | 2.157 | 0.033 | |||
Somatic problems | 1.216 *** | 0.209 | 0.518 *** | 5.829 | 0.000 | |||
Physical life quality | −0.151 | 0.110 | −0.126 | −1.373 | 0.172 | |||
Social support | −0.783 ^ | 0.443 | −0.131 ^ | −1.768 | 0.080 | 0.014 | 3.127 ^ | 0.080 |
b | se | β | t | p | R²ᶺ | Fᶺ | Pᶺ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | ||||||||
Gender | −4.587 ^ | 2.337 | −0.176 ^ | −1.962 | 0.052 | |||
Age | 0.163 | 0.098 | 0.151 | 1.655 | 0.101 | |||
Time since transplantation | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.063 | 0.950 | 0.056 | 2.406 ^ | 0.071 |
Step 2 | ||||||||
Gender | −5.367 * | 2.320 | −0.026 * | −2.314 | 0.022 | |||
Age | 0.114 | 0.103 | 0.105 | 1.105 | 0.271 | |||
Time since transplantation | -0.002 | 0.011 | −0.018 | −0.199 | 0.843 | |||
Somatic problems | 0.293 | 0.253 | 0.125 | 1.158 | 0.249 | |||
Physical life quality | −0.555 | 0.136 | −0.128 | −1.142 | 0.256 | 0.046 | 3.100 * | 0.049 |
Step 3 | ||||||||
Gender | −6.853 ** | 2.123 | −0.263 ** | −3.288 | 0.002 | |||
Age | 0.129 | 0.093 | 0.120 | 1.383 | 0.169 | |||
Time since transplantation | −0.003 | 0.010 | −0.026 | −0.304 | 0.761 | |||
Somatic problems | 0.068 | 0.233 | 0.037 | 0.370 | 0.712 | |||
Physical life quality | −0.186 | 0.123 | −0.153 | −1.507 | 0.135 | |||
Social support | −2.421 *** | 0.466 | −0.491 *** | −5.190 | 0.000 | 0.166 | 26.940 *** | 0.000 |
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Bachem, R.; Baumann, J.; Köllner, V. ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder among Organ Transplant Patients and Their Relatives. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173030
Bachem R, Baumann J, Köllner V. ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder among Organ Transplant Patients and Their Relatives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(17):3030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173030
Chicago/Turabian StyleBachem, Rahel, Jan Baumann, and Volker Köllner. 2019. "ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder among Organ Transplant Patients and Their Relatives" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17: 3030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173030
APA StyleBachem, R., Baumann, J., & Köllner, V. (2019). ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder among Organ Transplant Patients and Their Relatives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17), 3030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173030