Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Daily Life Activities and Independence of People over 65: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Outcome Variables
2.4. Intervention
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Barthel | p-Value | Lawton/Brody | p-Value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AF | % | Means | SD | Means | SD | ||||
Age (range) | 0.01 | 0.001 | |||||||
65–69 (a) | 38 | 20 | 98.42 | 4.81 | 7.68 | 0.93 | |||
70–74 (b) | 40 | 21 | 95.63 | 15.53 | 7.58 | 1.55 | |||
75–89 (c) | 52 | 27 | 95.96 | 11.25 | 7.4 | 1.36 | |||
80–84 (d) | 40 | 21 | 95.38 | 9.96 | 7.15 | 1.78 | |||
85–89 (e) | 15 | 8 | 88.33 | 19.88 | 6.07 | 2.76 | |||
90–94 (f) | 7 | 4 | 91.43 | 11.8 | 4.86 | 3.02 | |||
95–99 (g) | 1 | 1 | 60 | N/A | 1 | N/A | |||
Sex | 0.81 | 0.31 | |||||||
Female | 121 | 63 | 95.83 | 10.27 | 7.21 | 1.79 | |||
Male | 72 | 37 | 94.44 | 15.33 | 7.22 | 1.81 | |||
Education | 0.21 | 0.23 | |||||||
Incomplete primary | 1 | 1 | 95 | N/A | 7 | N/A | |||
Complete primary | 9 | 5 | 85.56 | 23.38 | 5.89 | 3.06 | |||
Incomplete secondary | 9 | 5 | 94.44 | 11.3 | 7 | 2.35 | |||
Complete secondary | 77 | 40 | 95.84 | 11.4 | 7.04 | 1.94 | |||
Incomplete tertiary | 2 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 8 | 0 | |||
Complete tertiary | 34 | 18 | 96.91 | 5.51 | 7.62 | 0.89 | |||
Incomplete university | 13 | 7 | 85.77 | 26.91 | 6.62 | 2.6 | |||
Complete university | 48 | 25 | 97.71 | 6.52 | 7.63 | 1.2 | |||
Previous | 0.35 | 0.03 | |||||||
occupation | Administrative | 32 | 17 | 95.16 | 14.56 | 7.34 | 1.47 | ||
Housewife | 30 | 15 | 90.5 | 17.49 | 6.1 | 2.8 | |||
Trade | 39 | 20 | 95.9 | 7.94 | 7.49 | 1.43 | |||
Teacher | 31 | 16 | 97.58 | 4.81 | 7.52 | 1.15 | |||
Professional | 44 | 23 | 97.73 | 6.69 | 7.61 | 1.24 | |||
Religious | 1 | 1 | 100 | N/A | 8 | N/A | |||
Technician | 16 | 8 | 91.88 | 22.57 | 6.63 | 2.36 | |||
Number of people | |||||||||
at home | 0.17 | <<0.001 | |||||||
1 | 46 | 24 | 97.61 | 4.56 | 7.72 | 0.72 | |||
2 | 117 | 61 | 97.09 | 6.7 | 7.45 | 1.42 | |||
3 | 20 | 10 | 84.5 | 26.3 | 5.3 | 3.13 | |||
4 | 8 | 4 | 81.88 | 28.53 | 5.63 | 2.92 | |||
5 | 1 | 1 | 100 | N/A | 6 | N/A | |||
8 | 1 | 1 | 100 | N/A | 8 | N/A |
Difficulty | AF | % |
---|---|---|
Shopping | 43 | 22 |
Food preparation | 28 | 15 |
Laundry | 24 | 12 |
Housekeeping | 20 | 10 |
Mode of transportation | 15 | 8 |
Responsibility for own medications | 12 | 6 |
Ability to handle finances | 11 | 6 |
Ability to use telephone | 0 | 0 |
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Frutos, M.L.; Cruzado, D.P.; Lunsford, D.; Orza, S.G.; Cantero-Téllez, R. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Daily Life Activities and Independence of People over 65: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 4177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054177
Frutos ML, Cruzado DP, Lunsford D, Orza SG, Cantero-Téllez R. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Daily Life Activities and Independence of People over 65: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(5):4177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054177
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrutos, María Laura, David Pérez Cruzado, Dianna Lunsford, Santiago García Orza, and Raquel Cantero-Téllez. 2023. "Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Daily Life Activities and Independence of People over 65: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5: 4177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054177