Evaluation of the Effects of Window Films on the Indoor Environment and Air-Conditioning Electricity Consumption of Buildings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Equipment and Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Heat-Absorbing Film
3.2. Reflective Film
3.3. Comparison of Heat-Absorbing Film (HAG) and Reflective Film (RG)
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The orientation of a building could affect the duration of direct sunlight penetration into indoor spaces, with the areas closer to the windows being more susceptible to the influence of solar radiation and outdoor temperature. The HAG and RG can reduce the PMV value in indoor spaces compared with the OG. The reflective film performed slightly better than the heat-absorbing film. Both types of insulation films (HAG or RG) reduced the transmittance of visible light and caused a decrease in indoor illuminance.
- (2)
- The clear glass with heat-absorbing film (HAG) and reflective film (RG) both can reduce the indoor temperature and indoor illuminance while increasing indoor comfort. The HAG accumulated the heat on the glass surface, simultaneously inhibiting the release of heat from the glass surface, resulting in an increased glass temperature and heat flux. The RG accumulated less heat on the glass surface compared with HAG. Therefore, the glass temperature of the RG was lower than that of the HAG.
- (3)
- Both the HAG and RG could effectively reduce the electricity consumption of air conditioning. The electricity-saving ratios of the HAG were 1.4%, 1.9%, 1.4%, and 1.2%, respectively, when the opening was facing the east, south, west, and northwest, while the electricity-saving ratios of the RG were 3%, 4.2%, 4.2%, and 10.3%, respectively. The electricity-saving effect of the RG was superior to that of the HAG. The studies indicated that the hotter the climate, the electricity-saving effect would be more significant.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sensors | Measuring Range and Accuracy |
---|---|
Temperature and Humidity | 0–50 °C ± 0.2 °C and 0–100% ± 2% |
Heat flux | Measurement range: −10 to +10 × 103 W/m2 Sensitivity: 5.5 × 10−6 V/(W/m2) Operating temperature: −40 to +150 °C |
Illuminometer | 0 to 167,731 lux ±10% typical for direct sunlight |
Predicted mean vote (PMV) | Delta OHM HD32.3 |
Measurement Items | OG | HAG | RG |
---|---|---|---|
1. Visible light transmittance (380 nm~780 nm) | 85.82% | 62.94% | 62.03% |
2. Visible light reflectance (380 nm~780 nm) | 7.44% | 6.92% | 12.65% |
3. Solar radiation transmittance (300 nm~2500 nm) | 66.92% | 27.38% | 29.54% |
4. Solar radiation reflectance (300 nm~2500 nm) | 6.17% | 5.28% | 16.17% |
5. Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) | 0.7386 | 0.4517 | 0.4365 |
6. Shading coefficient (Sc) | 0.8490 | 0.5192 | 0.5018 |
7. UV transmittance (300 nm~380 nm) | 2.85% | 0.05% | 0.00% |
8. UV reflectance (300 nm~380 nm) | 4.88% | 4.91% | 5.46% |
9. Thermal transmittance (U (W/m2-K)) | 5.534 | 5.647 | 5.562% |
10. Infrared rejection (780 nm~2500 nm) | 45.08% | 97.51% | 96.04% |
11. Relative heat gain W/m2 | 578.77 | 371.55 | 359.89 |
12. Total solar energy rejection | 26.14% | 54.83% | 56.35% |
13. Light-to–Solar-Gain Ratio | 1.1619 | 1.3935 | 1.4209 |
14. Interior visible light reflectance (380 nm~780 nm) | 7.57% | 6.96% | 12.25% |
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Huang, H.-Y.; Hu, W.-C.; Chen, C.-K.; Lin, T.-H.; Lin, F.-Y.; Cheng, C.-C.; Su, T.-C.; Yu, P.-Y. Evaluation of the Effects of Window Films on the Indoor Environment and Air-Conditioning Electricity Consumption of Buildings. Energies 2024, 17, 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061388
Huang H-Y, Hu W-C, Chen C-K, Lin T-H, Lin F-Y, Cheng C-C, Su T-C, Yu P-Y. Evaluation of the Effects of Window Films on the Indoor Environment and Air-Conditioning Electricity Consumption of Buildings. Energies. 2024; 17(6):1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061388
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Hsing-Yun, Wei-Chieh Hu, Chun-Kuei Chen, Ta-Hui Lin, Feng-Yi Lin, Chung-Chih Cheng, Tzu-Ching Su, and Pei-Yu Yu. 2024. "Evaluation of the Effects of Window Films on the Indoor Environment and Air-Conditioning Electricity Consumption of Buildings" Energies 17, no. 6: 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061388