Effect of Aqueous Ammonia Soaking on the Methane Yield and Composition of Digested Manure Fibers Applying Different Ammonia Concentrations and Treatment Durations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Substrate and Inoculum
2.2. Analytical Methods
2.3. Ammonia Pretreatment
2.4. Effect of Different Reagent Concentration in Ammonia on the Methane Production from AAS Treated Digested Fibers
2.5. Effect of AAS Treatment Duration on the Methane Production from AAS Treated Digested Fibers
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Different Reagent Concentration in Ammonia on the Methane Production from AAS Treated Digested Fibers
3.2. Effect of AAS Treatment on Klason Lignin, Sugars and Nutrients (N, P) Concentration and Forms
Characteristics (g 100 g−1 TS) | No AAS | AAS (5%) | AAS (10%) | AAS (15%) | AAS (20%) | AAS (25%) | AAS (32%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucan | 17.1 ± 1.8 | 18.4 ± 0.2 | 21.1 ± 1.2 | 18.7 ± 0.3 | 22.9 ± 1.4 | 14.9 ± 1.7 | 19.14 ± 0.06 |
Xylan | 12.74 ± 1.16 | 12.4 ± 0.0 | 13.4 ± 0.7 | 10.97 ± 0.5 | 14.1 ± 0.9 | 9.1 ± 0.8 | 8.27 ± 0.01 |
Arabinan | 5.11 ± 0.03 | 4.01 ± 0.0 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 3.99 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 3.29 ± 0.00 |
Klason Lignin | 24.88 ± 1.17 | 21.6 ± 0.4 | 21.5 ± 0.6 | 22.3 ± 1.1 | 23.2 ± 1.3 | 24.2 ± 0.8 | 24.70 ± 0.73 |
Free Sugars | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
Non Soluble organic N | 1.74 ± 0.25 | 1.72 ± 0.92 | 1.07 ± 0.07 | 1.39 ± 0.09 | 1.61 ± 0.11 | 1.62 ± 0.22 | 2.11 ± 0.21 |
Soluble organic N | 0.6 ± 0.02 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 1.07 ± 0.01 | 0.99 ± 0.03 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | 0.98 ± 0.04 | 0.73 ± 0.02 |
Inorganic N | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 0.83 ± 0.02 | 0.85 ± 0.01 | 0.81 ± 0.02 | 0.72 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.02 | 0.63 ± 0.03 |
Non Soluble organic P | 2.05 ± 0.2 | 2.12 ± 0.15 | 2.62 ± 0.01 | 2.46 ± 0.21 | 2.02 ± 0.13 | 1.77 ± 0.18 | 2.35 ± 0.29 |
Soluble organic P | 0.03 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.07 ± 0.0 | 0.14 ± 0.0 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.02 |
Inorganic P | 0.098 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.0 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.002 |
3.3. Effect of AAS Treatment Duration on the Methane Production from AAS Treated Digested Fibers
Pretreatment Conditions | Substrate | Highest CH4 yield increase (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Chemical treatment with Steam and H2SO4 (2.1% w/w) | Cow and pig manure digested fibers | 67 | [9] |
Chemical treatment with CaO | Cow and pig manure digested fibers | 66 | [8] |
Physical treatment (size reduction) | Cow and pig manure digested fibers | 10 | [8] |
Steam treatment with NaOH | Cow and pig manure digested fibers | 26 | [8] |
Steam + Laccase + H3PO4 | Cow and pig manure digested fibers | 18 | [8] |
Steam + Laccase + NaOH | Cow and pig manure digested fibers | 34 | [8] |
Mechanical maceration | Cattle Manure fibers | 20 | [25] |
Biological treatment with B4 hemicellulose bacterium | Cattle Manure fibers | 30 | [25] |
Chemical treatment with NaOH | Cattle Manure fibers | 23 | [25] |
Chemical treatment with NH4OH | Cattle Manure Fibers | 23 | [25] |
Chemical treatment NaOH:KOH:Ca(OH)2 | Cattle Manure Fibers | 20 | [25] |
Mechanical maceration | Manure Fibers | 25 | [7] |
Wet explosion | Digested manure fibers | 136 | [10] |
Aqueous ammonia soaking | Raw swine manure fibers | 170 | [5] |
Aqueous ammonia soaking | Digested swine manure fibers | 265 | Present study |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mirtsou-Xanthopoulou, C.; Jurado, E.; Skiadas, I.V.; Gavala, H.N. Effect of Aqueous Ammonia Soaking on the Methane Yield and Composition of Digested Manure Fibers Applying Different Ammonia Concentrations and Treatment Durations. Energies 2014, 7, 4157-4168. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074157
Mirtsou-Xanthopoulou C, Jurado E, Skiadas IV, Gavala HN. Effect of Aqueous Ammonia Soaking on the Methane Yield and Composition of Digested Manure Fibers Applying Different Ammonia Concentrations and Treatment Durations. Energies. 2014; 7(7):4157-4168. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074157
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirtsou-Xanthopoulou, Chrysoula, Esperanza Jurado, Ioannis V. Skiadas, and Hariklia N. Gavala. 2014. "Effect of Aqueous Ammonia Soaking on the Methane Yield and Composition of Digested Manure Fibers Applying Different Ammonia Concentrations and Treatment Durations" Energies 7, no. 7: 4157-4168. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074157