Curing Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis with an Oral Multi-Component Drug Containing GS-441524
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Compound
2.2. In Vitro Efficacy of the Multi-Component Drug
2.3. Patients of the Prospective In Vivo Study
2.4. In Vivo Study Design
2.5. FCoV Viral Load in Blood and Effusion
2.6. Anti-FCoV Antibodies
2.7. Characterization of the Active Ingredient in the Multi-Component Drug
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Efficacy of the Multi-Component Drug In Vitro
3.2. Efficacy of the Multi-Component Drug in Cats With FIP
3.3. Adverse Effects of the Multi-Comoonent Drug in Cats
3.4. Characterization of the Main Active Ingredient in the Multi-Component Drug
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cat | Age (Months) | Sex | Breed | Additional Cats in the Household (Number) | Diagnosis of FIP 1 | FIP-Associated Cardinal Signs | Dosage (mg/kg q24h) | Adverse Effects and Duration (on Days of Treatment) | Other Unrelated Diseases before Treatment | Other Unrelated Diseases Developing during Treatment | Additional Symptomatic Therapy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cat 1 | 6.0 | male neutered | ESH | yes (1) | immunohisto-chemistry (eye) | ocular signs | 10 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (2–end2) | fluid therapy 3, metamizole 4 | ||
cat 2 | 6.3 | male intact | ESH | yes (1) | immunohisto-chemistry (eye) | neurologic signs, ocular signs | 10 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (0–end) | surgical wound infection after eye enucleation | fluid therapy, antibiotics 5, buprenorphine 6 | |
cat 3 | 9.8 | male neutered | ESH | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | increased liver enzyme activity (4–14) | renal mineraliza-tion | fluid therapy, antibiotics, maropitant 7, mirtazapine 8 | |
cat 4 | 7.2 | male intact | ESH | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (2–end), eosinophilia (14–56) | fluid therapy, metamizole-sodium, antibiotics, maropitant, mirtazapine | ||
cat 5 | 6.4 | female intact | ESH | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (0–end), increased liver enzyme activity (4–83), eosinophilia (14–end) | fluid therapy, antibiotics | ||
cat 6 | 10.7 | male neutered | ESH | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (83–end) | antibiotics, mirtazapine | ||
cat 7 | 4.7 | male intact | Siamese | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion, thoracic effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (0–end), increased liver enzyme activity (4–83), eosinophilia (14–end) | chronic gingivo-stomatitis | fluid therapy, antibiotics, silymarin 9 | |
cat 8 | 6.4 | male intact | Maine Coon | no | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | thoracic effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (0–14), eosinophilia (14–83) | chronic gingivo- stomatitis | fluid therapy, antibiotics, oxygen cage 10 | |
cat 9 | 8.9 | male neutered | ESH | yes (3) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (28–end), increased liver enzyme activity (4–83), eosinophilia (28–end) | fluid therapy, antibiotics, mirtazapine, silymarin | ||
cat 10 | 39.1 | female neutered | ESH | yes (3) | immunohisto-chemistry (lymph node) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | eosinophilia (0–end) | intestinal parasite infestation (Giardia spp., treated with fenbendazole) | ||
cat 11 | 56.5 | female neutered | ESH | yes (3) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (0–14), increased liver enzyme activity (4–97) | fluid therapy, antibiotics | ||
cat 12 | 11.7 | male neutered | Birman | yes (1) | immunohisto-chemistry (lymphnode), RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | thoracic effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (2–end), increased liver enzyme activity (28–56), eosinophilia (28–83) | fluid therapy, antibiotics, buprenorphine | ||
cat 13 | 28.8 | female intact | Maine Coon | yes (9) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | thoracic effusion | 5 mg/kg | eosinophilia (28–end) | rhinitis | fluid therapy, antibiotics | |
cat 14 | 7.5 | male intact | ESH | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | intestinal parasite infestation (Giardia spp., treated with fenbendazole) | fluid therapy, antibiotics, maropitant, mirtazapine, buprenorphine, pregabalin 11 | ||
cat 15 | 7.6 | male intact | Maine Coon | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (2–56), eosinophilia (2–28) | distorsion on right forelimb | fluid therapy, antibiotics, buprenorphine, meloxicam 12 | |
cat 16 | 8.9 | female neutered | BSH | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (7–14), increased liver enzyme activity (2–14) | chronic gingivo-stomatitis | fluid therapy, mirtazapine | |
cat 17 | 7.7 | male intact | Scottish Fold | yes (1) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | thoracic effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (2–end), eosinophilia (28–end) | otitis externa | pyothorax | fluid therapy, antibiotics |
cat 18 | 7.6 | female intact | ESH | yes (2) | RT-PCR detecting S gene mutations (effusion) | abdominal effusion | 5 mg/kg | lymphocytosis (0–end), eosinophilia (2–end) | fluid therapy, antibiotics |
Adverse Effect | Number of Cats | Grade | Median Day of First Appearance (Range) | Symptomatic Treatment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heinz body formation 1 | 1/18 | moderate | 83 | S-adenosyl-methionine | |
14/18 3 | 4/14 | mild | 4.5 (2–83) | no | |
Lymphocytosis 2 | 6/14 | moderate | 1 (0–28) | no | |
4/14 | severe | 1 (0–2) | no | ||
Eosinophilia 4 | 11/18 3 | 11/11 | mild | 14 (0–28) | no |
increased liver enzyme activity 5 | 8/11 | mild | 28 (2–83) | no | |
11/18 | 1/11 | moderate | 4 | no | |
2/11 | severe | 4 | silymarin |
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Krentz, D.; Zenger, K.; Alberer, M.; Felten, S.; Bergmann, M.; Dorsch, R.; Matiasek, K.; Kolberg, L.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; Meli, M.L.; et al. Curing Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis with an Oral Multi-Component Drug Containing GS-441524. Viruses 2021, 13, 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112228
Krentz D, Zenger K, Alberer M, Felten S, Bergmann M, Dorsch R, Matiasek K, Kolberg L, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Meli ML, et al. Curing Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis with an Oral Multi-Component Drug Containing GS-441524. Viruses. 2021; 13(11):2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112228
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrentz, Daniela, Katharina Zenger, Martin Alberer, Sandra Felten, Michèle Bergmann, Roswitha Dorsch, Kaspar Matiasek, Laura Kolberg, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Marina L. Meli, and et al. 2021. "Curing Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis with an Oral Multi-Component Drug Containing GS-441524" Viruses 13, no. 11: 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112228