Viruses 2013, 5(1), 162-181; doi:10.3390/v5010162
Base Composition and Translational Selection are Insufficient to Explain Codon Usage Bias in Plant Viruses
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 13 December 2012 / Revised: 9 January 2013 / Accepted: 11 January 2013 / Published: 15 January 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Viruses)
Abstract
Viral codon usage bias may be the product of a number of synergistic or antagonistic factors, including genomic nucleotide composition, translational selection, genomic architecture, and mutational or repair biases. Most studies of viral codon bias evaluate only the relative importance of genomic base composition and translational selection, ignoring other possible factors. We analyzed the codon preferences of ssRNA (luteoviruses and potyviruses) and ssDNA (geminiviruses) plant viruses that infect translationally distinct monocot and dicot hosts. We found that neither genomic base composition nor translational selection satisfactorily explains their codon usage biases. Furthermore, we observed a strong relationship between the codon preferences of viruses in the same family or genus, regardless of host or genomic nucleotide content. Our results suggest that analyzing codon bias as either due to base composition or translational selection is a false dichotomy that obscures the role of other factors. Constraints such as genomic architecture and secondary structure can and do influence codon usage in plant viruses, and likely in viruses of other hosts. View Full-Text
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Cardinale, D.J.; DeRosa, K.; Duffy, S. Base Composition and Translational Selection are Insufficient to Explain Codon Usage Bias in Plant Viruses. Viruses 2013, 5, 162-181.