Monitoring the Fluctuation of Lake Qinghai Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Lake Qinghai Settings
3. Satellite Data Used and Methodology
3.1. Satellite Data
3.1.1. ICESat/GLAS
3.1.2. Optical Satellite Images
3.2. Methodology
3.2.1. ICESat Data Processing
3.2.2. Surface Area Extraction
3.2.3. Estimating Water Volume Variations
3.2.4. Validation
4. Results
4.1. ICESat/GLA14-Derived Water Levels
Date | ICEsat Elevation | In situ Measurement | Date | ICEsat Elevation | In situ Measurement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10/14/2003 | 3193.34 | 3193.42 | 06/23/2006 | 3193.70 | 3193.67 |
10/18/2003 | 3193.43 | 3193.42 | 10/27/2006 | 3193.68 | 3193.75 |
10/22/2003 | 3193.44 | 3193.41 | 10/30/2006 | 3193.87 | 3193.75 |
11/16/2003 | 3193.33 | 3193.33 | 11/24/2006 | 3193.62 | 3193.69 |
02/19/2004 | 3193.16 | 3193.27 | 03/13/2007 | 3193.68 | 3193.60 |
02/22/2004 | 3193.18 | 3193.27 | 03/17/2007 | 3193.77 | 3193.60 |
03/18/2004 | 3193.05 | 3193.21 | 04/11/2007 | 3193.65 | 3193.62 |
05/20/2004 | 3193.13 | 3193.20 | 10/04/2007 | 3193.77 | 3193.83 |
06/17/2004 | 3193.31 | 3193.25 | 10/08/2007 | 3193.74 | 3193.84 |
10/06/2004 | 3193.39 | 3193.40 | 11/02/2007 | 3193.85 | 3193.87 |
11/03/2004 | 3193.35 | 3193.33 | 02/19/2008 | 3193.74 | 3193.74 |
11/08/2004 | 3193.34 | 3193.32 | 02/22/2008 | 3193.87 | 3193.74 |
02/20/2005 | 3193.13 | 3193.20 | 02/27/2008 | 3194.01 | 3193.74 |
02/24/2005 | 3193.15 | 3193.19 | 03/18/2008 | 3193.71 | 3193.74 |
05/22/2005 | 3193.13 | 3193.22 | 10/06/2008 | 3193.94 | 3193.92 |
05/26/2005 | 3193.19 | 3193.24 | 10/09/2008 | 3193.92 | 3193.93 |
10/23/2005 | 3193.86 | 3193.79 | 10/14/2008 | 3193.68 | 3193.92 |
10/27/2005 | 3193.82 | 3193.79 | 12/14/2008 | 3193.73 | 3193.76 |
11/21/2005 | 3193.63 | 3193.72 | 03/10/2009 | 3193.66 | 3193.73 |
02/24/2006 | 3193.76 | 3193.63 | 03/14/2009 | 3193.80 | 3193.73 |
02/27/2006 | 3193.73 | 3193.63 | 03/18/2009 | 3193.59 | 3193.73 |
03/24/2006 | 3193.68 | 3193.63 | 04/08/2009 | 3193.66 | 3193.74 |
05/26/2006 | 3193.60 | 3193.61 | 10/02/2009 | 3194.02 | 3194.09 |
05/29/2006 | 3193.75 | 3193.62 |
4.2. Surface Area Changes
4.3. Relationship between Water Level and Surface Area
4.4. Water Volume Variations
5. Discussion
5.1. The Accuracy of In Situ Measurements
5.2. The Extension of Our Study
5.3. Comparison with Similar Studies
Source | Water Level (m) | Surface Area (km2) | Delta Volume (km3) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAE | RMSE | MAE | RMSE | MAE | RMSE | |
HYDROWEB | 0.10 | 0.13 | 17.49 | 21.34 | 1.04 | 1.18 |
Our study | 0.07 | 0.09 | 6.21 | 7.81 | 0.48 | 0.60 |
5.4. The Limitations and Applicability of Our Study
6. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhu, W.; Jia, S.; Lv, A. Monitoring the Fluctuation of Lake Qinghai Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 10457-10482. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110457
Zhu W, Jia S, Lv A. Monitoring the Fluctuation of Lake Qinghai Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing. 2014; 6(11):10457-10482. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110457
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Wenbin, Shaofeng Jia, and Aifeng Lv. 2014. "Monitoring the Fluctuation of Lake Qinghai Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data" Remote Sensing 6, no. 11: 10457-10482. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110457