Autophagy Inhibition in BRAF-Driven Cancers
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. The BRAF→MEK1/2→ERK1/2 MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway and FDA-Approved Pathway-Targeted Therapy
2. BRAFV600E-Mediated Metabolic Rewiring Undermines the Efficacy of Pathway-Targeted Therapies
3. Autophagy Is a Recycling Mechanism with Tumor-Suppressive or Tumor-Promoting Roles in a Context-Dependent Manner
4. Role of Autophagy in Response to RAS Pathway-Targeted Therapy
5. Mechanism of BRAFi-Induced Autophagy
6. Co-Inhibition of Autophagy and Oncogenic BRAF Signaling as a Therapeutic Strategy
7. Autophagy Inhibition as a Mechanism to Re-Sensitize BRAF Inhibitor-Resistant Tumors
8. Acquisition of Cancer Mutations Complicate the Picture of How Autophagy Is Regulated
9. Conclusions
10. Future Directions
10.1. Identification of Biomarkers
10.2. Development of More Specific and Selective Autophagy Inhibitors
10.3. Combining Autophagy Inhibition with Other Anti-Cancer Therapeutics
10.4. Expanding Clinical Trials to Other BRAF- or RAS-Driven Cancers
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Foth, M.; McMahon, M. Autophagy Inhibition in BRAF-Driven Cancers. Cancers 2021, 13, 3498. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143498
Foth M, McMahon M. Autophagy Inhibition in BRAF-Driven Cancers. Cancers. 2021; 13(14):3498. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143498
Chicago/Turabian StyleFoth, Mona, and Martin McMahon. 2021. "Autophagy Inhibition in BRAF-Driven Cancers" Cancers 13, no. 14: 3498. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143498