The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Structure, Activation, and Function of the PI3K/Akt Cascade
3. Altered PI3K/Akt Signalling Pathway: Its Pathogenic Role in Human Cancer
4. miRNAs’ Regulation on the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Study | miRNA | Tumour Type | Regulation | Target | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xu X et al. [75] | miR-182-5p | RCC | Negative | AKT/FOXO3a via FLOT1 | Cancer proliferation |
Lian JH et al. [76] | miR-122 | Positive | PI3K/AKT | Cancer proliferation | |
Huang J et al. [69] | miR-205-5p | Negative | PI3K/Akt/mTOR and VEGFA | Tumour suppression | |
Yang SM et al. [81] | miR-21 | Gastric | Negative | PTEN/PI3K/Akt | Drug resistance |
Li NA et al. [83] | miR-196b | Positive | PI3K/Akt/mTOR | Tumour promoting | |
Tsukamoto Y et al. [84] | miR-375 | Negative | PKD1/Akt and 14-3-3zeta | Tumour suppression | |
Peng Y et al. [85] | miR-34 | Negative | PDGFR/Akt and MET | Tumour suppressor | |
Wang T et al. [86] | miR15a, miR16 | Negative | TWIST1 | Tumour suppressor | |
Kang W et al. [87] | YAP1 | ||||
Wu L et al. [88] | miR137 | Negative | AKT2 | Tumour suppressor | |
Liang M et al. [89] | miR203 | Negative | PIK3CA/Akt | Tumour suppressor | |
Riquelme I et al. [90] | miR125b-2, miR-451a and miR101-2 | Negative | mTOR via PIK3CB and TSC1 | Tumour suppressor | |
Deng Y et al. [91] | miR27a | Bladder | Negative | RUNX-1 | Drug resistance |
Zhao X et al. [94] | gastric, | Negative | p21 | ||
Li Z et al. [95] | ovarian | Negative | HIPK2 | ||
Feng DD et al. [96] | leukaemia | Positive | MDR1 | ||
Chen Z et al. [97] | hepatic | Positive | FZD7/β-catenin | ||
Zhu B et al. [98] | breast | Positive | BTG2 | ||
Geng W et al. [99] | miR-520h | Breast | Positive | OTUD3/PTEN |
5. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt Pathway
6. The PI3K/AKT Pathway and Drug Resistance
7. Target Therapies and Future Prospective
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rascio, F.; Spadaccino, F.; Rocchetti, M.T.; Castellano, G.; Stallone, G.; Netti, G.S.; Ranieri, E. The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review. Cancers 2021, 13, 3949. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13163949
Rascio F, Spadaccino F, Rocchetti MT, Castellano G, Stallone G, Netti GS, Ranieri E. The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review. Cancers. 2021; 13(16):3949. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13163949
Chicago/Turabian StyleRascio, Federica, Federica Spadaccino, Maria Teresa Rocchetti, Giuseppe Castellano, Giovanni Stallone, Giuseppe Stefano Netti, and Elena Ranieri. 2021. "The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review" Cancers 13, no. 16: 3949. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13163949