Inflammatory Genetic Markers of Prostate Cancer Risk
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Non-Targeted Genome-Wide Scans for Prostate Cancer Risk
3. Targeted Candidate Gene Analysis for Prostate Cancer Risk
3.1. Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Variants
Gene family | Gene | Variant ID | # No. of publications | * Population | Ref. | Reported functional effect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P ≤ 0.05 | Null | EU | AA | AS | OT | |||||
TLRs | TLR1 | rs4624663 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | ||
rs4833095 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs5743551 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | |||
rs5743556 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | |||
rs5743594 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs5743595 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | √ [35] | |||
rs5743596 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs5743604 | 2 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34,36] | |||
rs5743611 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | ||||
TLR2 | rs3804100 | 1 | √ | [36] | ||||||
TLR3 | rs3775296 | 1 | √ | [36] | ||||||
rs5743305 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
rs5743313 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
TLR4 | rs1927911 | 2 | 1 | √ | √ | [29,30,31] | ||||
rs1927914 | 1 | 4 | √ | √ | [29,30,31,36,37] | |||||
rs2149356 | 1 | 3 | √ | √ | [28,30,31,37] | |||||
rs2737190 | 1 | √ | [30] | |||||||
rs2770150 | 1 | √ | [31] | |||||||
rs4986790 | 1 | 4 | √ | √ | [28,30,31,36,37] | √ [38,39] | ||||
rs5030717 | 1 | √ | [31] | |||||||
rs5030721 | 1 | √ | [36,37] | |||||||
rs5030728 | 1 | √ | √ | [28] | ||||||
rs6478317 | 1 | √ | [31] | |||||||
rs7873784 | 1 | 3 | √ | √ | [28,30,31,36] | |||||
rs10116253 | 2 | √ | [30,31] | |||||||
rs10759932 | 2 | 2 | √ | √ | [28,31,36,37] | √ [40] | ||||
rs10759933 | 1 | √ | [37] | |||||||
rs11536871 | 2 | √ | [36,37] | |||||||
rs11536858 | 1 | 1 | √ | √ | [29,31] | |||||
rs11536878 | 1 | √ | [31] | |||||||
rs11536889 | 2 | 3 | √ | √ | [28,30,31,36,37] | |||||
rs11536891 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | [29,30,31] | |||||
rs11536897 | 2 | √ | √ | [29,31] | ||||||
rs11536898 | 1 | 1 | √ | [30,31] | ||||||
TLR5 | rs1053954 | 1 | √ | [36] | ||||||
rs2072493 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
rs5744113 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
rs5744174 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
TLR6 | rs1039599 | 1 | √ | [34] | ||||||
rs3821985 | 1 | √ | [34] | |||||||
rs5743788 | 2 | √ | [33,34] | |||||||
rs5743795 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | |||
rs5743806 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | |||
rs5743810 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | ||||
rs5743815 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | ||||
TLR7 | rs179008 | 1 | √ | [36] | √ [41] | |||||
rs179019 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
rs2302267 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
TLR8 | rs1548731 | 1 | √ | [36] | ||||||
rs4830806 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
rs5744068 | 1 | √ | [36] | |||||||
TLR9 | rs187084 | 1 | √ | [36] | ||||||
TLR10 | rs4274855 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | ||
rs4129009 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | √ [35] | ||
rs7653908 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs7658893 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs10856838 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs11096955 | 2 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | |||
rs11096957 | 2 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | |||
rs11466617 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | |||
rs11466640 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | |||
rs11466649 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs11466651 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs11466653 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs11466655 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs11096956 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | ||||
rs11466657 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32,33,34] | ||||
Epistasis | ||||||||||
TLR1/ TLR6/ TLR10 | rs11096955/ rs11096957/ rs4833095/ rs5743596/ rs5743595/ rs5743551 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | [32] | |||
11 SNPs | 1 | √ | [33] | |||||||
TLR4 | 15 SNPs | 1 | √ | [31] |
3.2. T helper (Th) Cytokine Variants
Gene familyGene Variant ID | # No. of publications | * Population | Reference | Reported functional effect | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P ≤ 0.05 | Null | EU | AA | AS | OT | |||||
Th Cytokines | IL-1α | rs1800587 | 1 | √ | [61] | √ [78] | ||||
IL-1β | rs1143627 | 3 | √ | [30] | √ [79,80] | |||||
rs16944 | 4 | √ | √ | [46,53,54,81] | √ [82,83] | |||||
rs1143634 | 1 | 2 | √ | √ | [46,54,81] | |||||
IL-1RN | rs878972 | 1 | √ | [84] | ||||||
rs315934 | 1 | √ | [84] | |||||||
rs3087263 | 2 | √ | √ | [84,85] | ||||||
rs380092 | 1 | √ | √ | [85] | ||||||
rs4252019 | 1 | √ | √ | [85] | ||||||
rs579543 | 1 | √ | √ | [85] | ||||||
rs315951 | 2 | √ | √ | [84,85] | ||||||
rs4252041 | 1 | √ | √ | [85] | ||||||
rs9005 | 1 | √ | √ | [85] | ||||||
IL-2 | rs2069762 | 1 | √ | [86] | √ [87,88] | |||||
rs2069763 | 1 | √ | [47] | |||||||
rs3136534 | 1 | √ | [86] | |||||||
IL-4 | Intron 3, 70bp VNTR | 1 | √ | [48] | √ [89] | |||||
IL-6 | rs1800797 | 3 | √ | √ | [30,46,90] | |||||
rs1800796 | 3 | √ | √ | [30,90,91] | √ [66,92] | |||||
rs1800795 | 3 | 6 | √ | √ | √ | [30,46,48,49,50,81,90,91] | √ [64,65,66,67,68] | |||
rs2069830 | 1 | √ | [91] | |||||||
rs2069832 | 2 | √ | √ | [46,49] | ||||||
rs1474348 | 1 | √ | [90] | |||||||
rs2069837 | 2 | √ | √ | [90,91] | ||||||
rs2069860 | 1 | √ | [90] | |||||||
rs1474347 | 1 | √ | [91] | |||||||
rs1524107 | 1 | √ | [91] | |||||||
rs1554606 | 1 | √ | √ | [91] | ||||||
rs2069849 | 2 | √ | √ | [49,91] | ||||||
rs1818879 | 1 | √ | √ | [91] | ||||||
IL-10 | rs1800896 | 5 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | [30,46,51,52,53,54,81] | √ [62] | ||
rs1800871 | 2 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | [46,51,52,54,81] | ||||
rs1800872 | 2 | 3 | √ | √ | [30,46,51,54,93] | |||||
rs3024496 | 2 | √ | √ | [51,81] | ||||||
IL-18 | rs1946518 | 1 | √ | [55] | √ [63] | |||||
rs187238 | 1 | √ | [55] | √ [63] | ||||||
IL-21 | rs6822844 | 1 | √ | [86] | ||||||
rs6840978 | 1 | √ | [86] | |||||||
TGF-β1 | rs1800468 | 1 | √ | √ | [94] | √ [69] | ||||
rs1800469 | 2 | 1 | √ | √ | [56,57,94] | √ [69,70,71] | ||||
rs1800470 | 2 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | [57,58,59,95,94,95,94,95] | √ [72,73,74] | |||
rs1800471 | 1 | √ | √ | [94] | √ [96] | |||||
rs1800472 | 1 | √ | √ | [94] | ||||||
TNF | rs1799964 | 1 | 1 | √ | √ | [60,97] | ||||
rs1800630 | 2 | √ | √ | [60,97] | ||||||
rs1799724 | 1 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | [46,54,60,97] | √ [75] | |||
rs1800629 | 1 | 6 | √ | √ | √ | [30,46,49,54,60,61,97] | √ [76,77,98] | |||
rs361525 | 3 | √ | √ | [46,54,97] | √ [99] | |||||
rs3093661 | 1 | √ | [49] | |||||||
rs1800610 | 1 | √ | [97] | |||||||
rs3093668 | 1 | √ | [49] | |||||||
Epistasis | ||||||||||
IL-1β/IL-10 | rs1143627/ rs1800896 | 1 | √ | [46] | ||||||
rs1143627/ rs1800896 | 1 | √ | [54] | |||||||
rs16944/ rs1800872 | 1 | √ | [54] | |||||||
IL-1RN | rs878972/ rs315934/ rs3087263/ rs315951 | 1 | √ | [84] | ||||||
IL-10/TNF | rs1800872/ rs361525 | 1 | √ | [54] | ||||||
IL-10 | rs1800896/ rs1800871/ rs1800872/ rs3024496 | 1 | √ | [51] | √ [62,100,101] | |||||
rs1800896/ rs1800871 | 1 | √ | ||||||||
IL-18 | rs1946518/ rs187238 | 1 | √ | [55] | √ [63] | |||||
TNF | rs1799964/ rs1800630/ rs1799724/ rs1800629 | 2 | √ | √ | [60,97] |
3.3. Chemokine variants
Gene family | Gene | Variant ID | # No. of publications | * Population | Ref. | Reported functional effect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P ≤ 0.05 | Null | EU | AA | AS | OT | |||||
Chemokines | CCL2 (MCP1) | rs1024611 | 1 | √ | [61] | √ [113] | ||||
CCL5 (RANTES) | rs2107538 | 1 | 1 | √ | [61,111] | √ [114] | ||||
CCR5 | rs333 | 1 | 1 | √ | [111,112] | √ [115] | ||||
CCR2 | rs1799864 | 1 | √ | [111] | √ [116] | |||||
CXCL8 (IL-8) | rs4073 | 1 | 1 | √ | [53,109] | √ [117] | ||||
CXCL12 (SDF1) | rs1801157 | 1 | 1 | √ | √ | [110,111] | √ [118] | |||
CXCR1 | rs2230054 | 1 | √ | [109] | ||||||
CXCR2 | rs11226580 | 1 | √ | [109] | ||||||
CX3CR1 | rs3732378 | 1 | √ | [111] | √ [119] | |||||
rs3732379 | 1 | √ | [111] | √ [119] |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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Tindall, E.A.; Hayes, V.M.; Petersen, D.C. Inflammatory Genetic Markers of Prostate Cancer Risk. Cancers 2010, 2, 1198-1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2021198
Tindall EA, Hayes VM, Petersen DC. Inflammatory Genetic Markers of Prostate Cancer Risk. Cancers. 2010; 2(2):1198-1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2021198
Chicago/Turabian StyleTindall, Elizabeth A., Vanessa M. Hayes, and Desiree C. Petersen. 2010. "Inflammatory Genetic Markers of Prostate Cancer Risk" Cancers 2, no. 2: 1198-1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2021198