Revealing Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Türkiye’s Wheat Germplasm Using iPBS-Retrotransposon Markers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification of Wheat Genotypes
2.3. iPBS Data Scoring and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Polymorphism Disclosed by iPBS Primer
3.2. Genetic Distance and Cluster Analysis for Wheat Genotypes
3.3. Population Genetic Structure Analysis for Wheat Genotypes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Province | Town | Species | No. | Province | Town | Species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Diyarbakır | Center | T. durum | 30 | Kayseri | Epçe | T. aestivum |
2 | Kayseri | Epçe | T. dicoccum | 31 | Niğde | Center | T. aestivum |
3 | Kars | Kuyucuk | T. dicoccum | 32 | Kars | Geçit | T. durum |
4 | Kahramanmaraş | Elbistan | T. aestivum | 33 | Kars | Küçükçatma | T. dicoccum |
5 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. monococcum | 34 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. monococcum |
6 | Konya | Center | T. aestivum | 35 | Kars | Geçit | T. durum |
7 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. dicoccum | 36 | Mardin | Center | T. aestivum |
8 | Aksaray | Center | T. aestivum | 37 | Yozgat | Center | T. aestivum |
9 | Van | Gedelova | T. aestivum | 38 | Kayseri | Yemliha | T. aestivum |
10 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. monococcum | 39 | Sivas | Divriği | T. aestivum |
11 | Kayseri | Yeniköy | T. dicoccum | 40 | Konya | Merkez | T. aestivum |
12 | Kayseri | Pınarbaşı | T. aestivum | 41 | Adıyaman | Merkez | T. aestivum |
13 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. dicoccum | 42 | Sivas | Merkez | T. aestivum |
14 | Kayseri | Hoşça | T. dicoccum | 43 | Sivas | Gemerek | T. durum |
15 | Mersin | Silifke | T. durum | 44 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. dicoccum |
16 | Kayseri | Develi | T. dicoccum | 45 | Sivas | Gürün | T. aestivum |
17 | Iğdır | Center | T. durum | 46 | Kars | Güvercin | T. dicoccum |
18 | Kars | Geçit | T. aestivum | 47 | Mersin | Merkez | T. durum |
19 | Van | Center | T. aestivum | 48 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. monococcum |
20 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. dicoccum | 49 | Iğdır | Center | T. durum |
21 | Kars | Center | T. dicoccum | 50 | Şanlıurfa | Center | T. durum |
22 | Erzincan | Center | T. aestivum | 51 | Van | Gedelova | T. aestivum |
23 | Kars | Büyükçatma | T. dicoccum | 52 | Mersin | Çarkçılı | T. durum |
24 | Kayseri | Gümüşören | T. aestivum | 53 | Konya | Merkez | T. durum |
25 | Kars | Center | T. dicoccum | 54 | Kars | Duraklı | T. dicoccum |
26 | Kastamonu | Center | T. durum | 55 | Ahmetağa | Bahri Dagdas IARI 1 | T. aestivum |
27 | Kastamonu | İhsangazi | T. monococcum | 56 | Aydın-93 | GAP IARTC 2 | T. durum |
28 | Kars | Büyükçatma | T. dicoccum | 57 | Fırat-93 | GAP IARTC | T. durum |
29 | Çankırı | Center | T. durum | 58 | Cemre | GAP IARTC | T. aestivum |
Number | Marker Name | Primer Sequences (5′ → 3′) | Annealing Temperature (°C) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | IPBS-2219 | GAACTTATGCCGATACCA | 57 |
2 | IPBS-2270 | ACCTGGCGTGCCA | 60 |
3 | IPBS-2271 | GGCTCGGATGCCA | 57.5 |
4 | IPBS-2278 | GCTCATGATACCA | 44 |
5 | IPBS-2375 | TCGCATCAACCA | 44 |
6 | IPBS-2377 | ACGAAGGGACCA | 44 |
7 | IPBS-2378 | GGTCCTCATCCA | 44 |
8 | IPBS-2383 | GCATGGCCTCCA | 48 |
9 | IPBS-2386 | CTGATCAACCCA | 48 |
10 | IPBS-2390 | GCAACAACCCCA | 44 |
Marker Name | TNB 1 | NPB | PR (%) | H | PIC | I | Ne |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPBS-2219 | 29 | 29 | 100 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 1.39 |
IPBS-2270 | 19 | 18 | 94.7 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 1.61 |
IPBS-2271 | 21 | 20 | 95.2 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.38 | 1.40 |
IPBS-2278 | 18 | 18 | 100 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 1.54 |
IPBS-2375 | 10 | 9 | 90 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 1.38 |
IPBS-2377 | 19 | 19 | 100 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 1.52 |
IPBS-2378 | 20 | 20 | 100 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 1.41 |
IPBS-2383 | 16 | 16 | 100 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 1.46 |
IPBS-2386 | 5 | 4 | 80 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 1.74 |
IPBS-2390 | 11 | 10 | 90.9 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 1.35 |
Total | 168 | 163 | |||||
Mean | 16.8 | 16.3 | 95.08 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 1.48 |
Population | Expected Heterozygosity (He) | FST |
---|---|---|
P1 | 0.1501 | 0.5353 |
P2 | 0.1944 | 0.4416 |
P3 | 0.1639 | 0.6934 |
Mean | 0.1695 | 0.5567 |
Genotype Number | P1 | P2 | P3 | Genotype Number | P1 | P2 | P3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.486 | 0.428 | 0.086 | 30 | 0.996 | 0.004 | 0.001 |
2 | 0.003 | 0.746 | 0.251 | 31 | 0.999 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
3 | 0.001 | 0.782 | 0.217 | 32 | 0.969 | 0.028 | 0.003 |
4 | 0.997 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 33 | 0.005 | 0.995 | 0.000 |
5 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.998 | 34 | 0.093 | 0.848 | 0.059 |
6 | 0.997 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 35 | 0.997 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
7 | 0.004 | 0.996 | 0.001 | 36 | 0.997 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
8 | 0.953 | 0.046 | 0.001 | 37 | 0.964 | 0.033 | 0.003 |
9 | 0.996 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 38 | 0.998 | 0.002 | 0.000 |
10 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.999 | 39 | 0.978 | 0.021 | 0.001 |
11 | 0.002 | 0.966 | 0.032 | 40 | 0.863 | 0.102 | 0.035 |
12 | 0.994 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 41 | 0.980 | 0.018 | 0.002 |
13 | 0.002 | 0.997 | 0.001 | 42 | 0.999 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
14 | 0.004 | 0.995 | 0.001 | 43 | 0.998 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
15 | 0.998 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 44 | 0.001 | 0.999 | 0.001 |
16 | 0.003 | 0.996 | 0.000 | 45 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.998 |
17 | 0.999 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 46 | 0.002 | 0.997 | 0.001 |
18 | 0.995 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 47 | 0.968 | 0.032 | 0.001 |
19 | 0.998 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 48 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.999 |
20 | 0.016 | 0.983 | 0.001 | 49 | 0.990 | 0.009 | 0.000 |
21 | 0.003 | 0.996 | 0.001 | 50 | 0.005 | 0.994 | 0.000 |
22 | 0.985 | 0.014 | 0.001 | 51 | 0.992 | 0.002 | 0.006 |
23 | 0.008 | 0.991 | 0.001 | 52 | 0.003 | 0.927 | 0.071 |
24 | 0.997 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 53 | 0.920 | 0.002 | 0.079 |
25 | 0.010 | 0.990 | 0.000 | 54 | 0.037 | 0.676 | 0.287 |
26 | 0.991 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 55 | 0.949 | 0.048 | 0.003 |
27 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.998 | 56 | 0.017 | 0.884 | 0.099 |
28 | 0.003 | 0.924 | 0.073 | 57 | 0.037 | 0.845 | 0.119 |
29 | 0.009 | 0.990 | 0.001 | 58 | 0.496 | 0.159 | 0.345 |
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Demirel, F.; Yıldırım, B.; Eren, B.; Demirel, S.; Türkoğlu, A.; Haliloğlu, K.; Nowosad, K.; Bujak, H.; Bocianowski, J. Revealing Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Türkiye’s Wheat Germplasm Using iPBS-Retrotransposon Markers. Agronomy 2024, 14, 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020300
Demirel F, Yıldırım B, Eren B, Demirel S, Türkoğlu A, Haliloğlu K, Nowosad K, Bujak H, Bocianowski J. Revealing Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Türkiye’s Wheat Germplasm Using iPBS-Retrotransposon Markers. Agronomy. 2024; 14(2):300. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020300
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemirel, Fatih, Bünyamin Yıldırım, Barış Eren, Serap Demirel, Aras Türkoğlu, Kamil Haliloğlu, Kamila Nowosad, Henryk Bujak, and Jan Bocianowski. 2024. "Revealing Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Türkiye’s Wheat Germplasm Using iPBS-Retrotransposon Markers" Agronomy 14, no. 2: 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020300