Linking Land Cover Data and Crop Yields for Mapping and Assessment of Pollination Services in Europe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. General Outline of the Pollination Supply Model
2.2. Nesting Suitability and Floral Availability
Component | Data Description | Resolution |
---|---|---|
Land cover | CORINE Land Cover 2000 (CLC2000) raster data—version 13 (02/2010) Source: EEA, 2010 Map of the European environmental landscape based on interpretation of satellite images with land cover types in 44 standard classes. | 100 m |
Agricultural land use | Crop yield data The CAPRI model results in crop yield statistics for homogeneous clusters of 1 km2 pixels (HSMU), identified on the basis of the Farm Structure Survey regions (NUTS 2 or 3, depending on the Member State, EUROSTAT 2003), land cover (CLC2000), soil mapping units (European Soil Database V2.0, European Commission, 2004) and slope [26]. | 1,000 m |
Olive farming data [28] | 100 m | |
High Nature Value Farmland (HNV) data. HNV is defined as areas in Europe where agriculture is a major (usually the dominant) land use and where that agriculture supports, or is associated with, either a high species and habitat diversity or the presence of species of European conservation concern, or both. Source: JRC [29] | 100 m | |
Presence of semi-natural vegetation at European scale. Source JRC, unpublished | 100 m | |
Road network | TeleAtlas® MultiNet™ dataset (version 2007.10) | |
Water | Riparian zones [30] | 25 m |
CCM2 data (river network and small lakes) Source: JRC/EEA | ||
CLC2000 data (main lakes) Source: EEA | ||
Forest cover | CLC2000 data Source: EEA | 100 m |
Pan-European Forest/Non-Forest Map 2006, Source: JRC [31] | 25 m | |
Activity index | AGRI4CAST interpolated grid [32] | 25 km |
2.2.1. Cropland
2.2.2. Forest
2.2.3. Riparian Zones
2.2.4. Road Sides
2.3. Foraging Range Model
2.4. Activity
2.5. Regional Pollination Deficit
2.6. Benefit for Crop Production
3. Results
3.1. Relative Pollination Potential
3.2. Benefits of Pollination for Crop Yield
Country | CPD (%) (RPP = 1) | CPD (%) (RPP = 1) | CPD (%) (RPP) |
---|---|---|---|
Source: EUROSTAT | Source: CAPRI | Source: CAPRI | |
Austria | 47.7 | 45.0 | 3.83 |
Belgium | 26.6 | 39.7 | 3.26 |
Bulgaria | 30.8 | 23.4 | 1.78 |
Croatia | 45.7 | ||
Cyprus | 23.9 | ||
Czech Republic | 28.8 | 27.4 | 1.29 |
Denmark | 26.0 | 25.1 | 0.79 |
Estonia | 26.0 | 24.2 | 1.15 |
Finland | 34.1 | 20.9 | 0.71 |
France | 32.3 | 29.1 | 2.82 |
Germany | 30.7 | 29.3 | 1.28 |
Greece | 34.8 | 20.1 | 4.11 |
Hungary | 40.9 | 35.4 | 2.44 |
Ireland | 8.7 | 29.3 | 1.11 |
Italy | 30.7 | 23.9 | 2.95 |
Latvia | 46.2 | 36.0 | 1.91 |
Lithuania | 25.8 | 27.9 | 1.04 |
Luxembourg | 36.8 | 51.4 | 5.14 |
Malta | 43.6 | ||
Netherlands | 32.5 | 32.3 | 2.71 |
Poland | 45.3 | 45.0 | 2.09 |
Portugal | 21.1 | 7.5 | 2.16 |
Romania | 46.8 | 31.3 | 3.6 |
Slovakia | 26.4 | 26.8 | 1.79 |
Slovenia | 57.9 | 57.0 | 6.86 |
Spain | 27.9 | 8.4 | 1.67 |
Sweden | 28.9 | 26.8 | 0.78 |
United Kingdom | 22.4 | 21.5 | 0.69 |
European Union | 32.6 | 25.1 | 2.46 |
3.3. Regional Gap Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths and Applications
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zulian, G.; Maes, J.; Paracchini, M.L. Linking Land Cover Data and Crop Yields for Mapping and Assessment of Pollination Services in Europe. Land 2013, 2, 472-492. https://doi.org/10.3390/land2030472
Zulian G, Maes J, Paracchini ML. Linking Land Cover Data and Crop Yields for Mapping and Assessment of Pollination Services in Europe. Land. 2013; 2(3):472-492. https://doi.org/10.3390/land2030472
Chicago/Turabian StyleZulian, Grazia, Joachim Maes, and Maria Luisa Paracchini. 2013. "Linking Land Cover Data and Crop Yields for Mapping and Assessment of Pollination Services in Europe" Land 2, no. 3: 472-492. https://doi.org/10.3390/land2030472