Deformation Characteristics of Soil Layers and Diaphragm Walls during Deep Foundation Pit Excavation: Simulation Verification and Parameter Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Project Profile
3. Numerical Models
3.1. Soil Model Selection
3.2. Basic Assumptions of Calculation
3.3. Material Parameter Setting
3.4. Structural Unit Selection
3.5. Process Simulation of Construction
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Simulation Reliability Verification
4.1.1. Ground Settlement
4.1.2. Horizontal Displacement of Diaphragm Wall
4.1.3. Crown Beam Displacement
4.1.4. Column Settlement
4.2. Sensitivity Analysis
4.2.1. Insertion Ratio of Diaphragm Wall
4.2.2. Elastic Modulus of Soil
4.2.3. Internal Friction Angle
4.2.4. Cohesion of Soil
4.3. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Numerical calculations using MIDAS can fit the measured data well. This paper provides experience for similar future projects related to the study of the support structure, the surface settlement around the foundation pit, and the resistance to the uplift at the bottom of the foundation pit. With the continuous excavation of the foundation pit, the maximum horizontal displacement and maximum land subsidence of the underground diaphragm wall also increase. After the foundation pit’s excavation is completed, the maximum horizontal displacement of the underground diaphragm wall is 9.45 mm, and the maximum surface settlement is 21.25 mm. The displacement of the crown beam is divided into three stages; the first stage’s displacement exceeds 75% of the total displacement. The uplift at the bottom of the foundation pit is reflected by the deformation of the column, and the largest pit bottom uplift is 21.46 mm.
- Considering the elastic modulus, cohesion, internal friction angle, and insertion ratio of the diaphragm wall, the sensitivity analysis is conducted based on the maximum settlement of the diaphragm wall and the surface. This paper comprehensively considers the cost and risk, and provides an idea for selecting the optimal insertion ratio for the foundation pit of the underground diaphragm wall as the supporting structure. The cohesion, internal friction angle, elastic modulus, and insertion ratio have negative effects on the deformation of foundation pits and diaphragm walls. Among them, the effects of the insertion ratio and elastic modulus, in terms of limiting the maximum displacement of the foundation pit and the diaphragm wall, are better than the effects of the cohesion and internal friction angle.
- Summarizing the research results of other scholars, the maximum land subsidence and maximum horizontal displacement of the supporting structure are positively correlated with the excavation depth. The ratio of the maximum surface settlement to the maximum excavation depth is 0.313–0.060%, and the ratio of the maximum horizontal displacement of the support structure to the maximum excavation depth is 0.07–0.25%. The research results summarized in this paper can be used as a means to assess the control risk of foundation pit excavation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Layer Name | Thickness of Soil Layer (m) | Density (g/cm3) | Cohesion (kPa) | Friction Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Miscellaneous fill | 4.90 | 1.88 | 10.00 | 8.00 |
Silt | 8.10 | 1.89 | 26.80 | 14.50 |
Silty clay | 27.10 | 1.92 | 34.80 | 16.30 |
Geometric Properties | Density (g/cm3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | |
---|---|---|---|
Concrete support | 800 mm × 800 mm | 2.4 | 30 |
Steel support | D 1 = 600 mm or 800 mm t 2 = 16 mm | 7.8 | 210 |
Diaphragm wall | Thickness = 1000 mm | 2.4 | 30 |
Construction Condition | Supporting Structure | Excavation |
---|---|---|
Step 1 | Activate the crown beam and first support | Carry out the first excavation located at 4.0 m below the surface |
Step 2 | Activate the second support | Carry out the second excavation located at 8.1 m below the surface |
Step 3 | Activate the third support | Carry out the third excavation located at 11.6 m below the surface |
Step 4 | Activate the fourth support | Carry out the fourth excavation located at 18.0 m below the surface |
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Feng, Z.; Xu, Q.; Xu, X.; Tang, Q.; Li, X.; Liao, X. Deformation Characteristics of Soil Layers and Diaphragm Walls during Deep Foundation Pit Excavation: Simulation Verification and Parameter Analysis. Symmetry 2022, 14, 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14020254
Feng Z, Xu Q, Xu X, Tang Q, Li X, Liao X. Deformation Characteristics of Soil Layers and Diaphragm Walls during Deep Foundation Pit Excavation: Simulation Verification and Parameter Analysis. Symmetry. 2022; 14(2):254. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14020254
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeng, Zheyuan, Qi Xu, Xiangyang Xu, Qiang Tang, Xuedong Li, and Xin Liao. 2022. "Deformation Characteristics of Soil Layers and Diaphragm Walls during Deep Foundation Pit Excavation: Simulation Verification and Parameter Analysis" Symmetry 14, no. 2: 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14020254