Oyonite, Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24, a New Member of the Lillianite Homologous Series from the Uchucchacua Base-Metal Deposit, Oyon District, Peru
1
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
3
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2018, 8(5), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/min8050192
Submission received: 18 April 2018
/
Revised: 25 April 2018
/
Accepted: 1 May 2018
/
Published: 2 May 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Mineral Species and Their Crystal Structures)
Abstract
:The new mineral species oyonite, ideally Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24, has been discovered in the Uchucchacua base-metal deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru, as very rare black metallic subhedral to anhedral crystals, up to 100 μm in length, associated with orpiment, tennantite/tetrahedrite, menchettiite, and other unnamed minerals of the system Pb-Ag-Sb-Mn-As-S, in calcite matrix. Its Vickers hardness (VHN100) is 137 kg/mm2 (range 132–147). In reflected light, oyonite is weakly to moderately bireflectant and weakly pleochroic from dark grey to a dark green. Internal reflections are absent. Reflectance values for the four COM wavelengths [Rmin, Rmax (%) (λ in nm)] are: 33.9, 40.2 (471.1); 32.5, 38.9 (548.3), 31.6, 38.0 (586.6); and 29.8, 36.5 (652.3). Electron microprobe analysis gave (in wt %, average of 5 spot analyses): Cu 0.76 (2), Ag 8.39 (10), Mn 3.02 (7), Pb 24.70 (25), As 9.54 (12), Sb 28.87 (21), S 24.30 (18), total 99.58 (23). Based on 20 cations per formula unit, the chemical formula of oyonite is Cu0.38Ag2.48Mn1.75Pb3.79Sb7.55As4.05S24.12. The main diffraction lines are (d in Å, hkl and relative intensity): 3.34 (−312; 40), 3.29 (−520; 100), 2.920 (−132; 40), 2.821 (−232; 70), 2.045 (004; 50). The crystal structure study revealed oyonite to be monoclinic, space group P21/n, with unit-cell parameters a = 19.1806 (18), b = 12.7755 (14), c = 8.1789 (10) Å, β = 90.471 (11)°, V = 2004.1 (4) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined to a final R1 = 0.032 for 6272 independent reflections. Oyonite belongs to the Sb-rich members of the andorite homeotypic sub-series within the lillianite homologous series. The name oyonite is after the Oyon district, Lima Department, Peru, the district where the type locality (Uchucchacua mine) is located.
Keywords:
oyonite; lillianite homologous series; sulfosalt; copper; antimony; arsenic; Oyon district; Lima department; Peru1. Introduction
Oyonite has been found during a mineralogical investigation of the ore minerals from the Uchucchacua base-metal deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. This deposit is the type locality for other four Mn-bearing sulfosalts: uchucchacuaite, AgMnPb3Sb5S12 [1], benavidesite, MnPb4Sb6S14 [2], manganoquadratite, AgMnAsS3 [3], and menchettiite, AgMn1.60Pb2.40Sb3As2S12 [4].
The sample containing oyonite was not found in situ but originates from a sample given to one of the authors (F.N.K.) by the mineral dealer John Veevaert. The material was found in October 2010 from the Nivel 890, Uchucchacua base-metal deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru, and it is the same material where menchettiite [4] was found. Geological and metallogenic data concerning this mining district have been reported by [2].
Oyonite is associated with orpiment, tennantite/tetrahedrite, menchettiite, and other unnamed minerals of the system Pb-Ag-Sb-Mn-As-S, in calcite matrix.
The new mineral was named oyonite, after the Oyon district, Lima Department, Peru, where the type locality (Uchucchacua mine) is located. The mineral and its name have been approved by the IMA CNMNC, under the number 2018-002. The holotype specimen of oyonite is deposited in the mineralogical collections of the Museo di Storia Naturale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, Florence, Italy, under catalogue number 3283/I.
The mineralogical description of oyonite, as well as its crystal structure, are described in this paper.
2. Mineral Description and Physical Properties
Oyonite (Figure 1) occurs as black subhedral to anhedral crystals, up to 100 μm in length. Streak is black, and the luster is metallic.
In plane-polarized incident light, oyonite is weakly to moderately bireflectant and weakly pleochroic from dark grey to dark green. Internal reflections are absent. Between crossed polars, the mineral is anisotropic, without characteristic rotation tints.
The reflectance was measured in air by means of an MPM-200 Zeiss microphotometer equipped with an MSP-20 system processor on a Zeiss Axioplan ore microscope. Filament temperature was approximately 3350 K. Readings were taken for specimen and standard (SiC) maintained under the same focus conditions. The diameter of the circular measuring area was 0.1 mm. Reflectance percentages in the form [Rmin, Rmax (%) (λ in nm)] are: 33.9, 40.2 (471.1); 32.5, 38.9 (548.3), 31.6, 38.0 (586.6); and 29.8, 36.5 (652.3).
Oyonite is brittle. Its Vickers hardness (VHN100) is 137 kg/mm2 (range 132–147), corresponding to a Mohs hardness of ~3–3.5. Based on the empirical formula, the calculated density is 5.237 g/cm3. The density, calculated based on the ideal chemical formula (see below), is 5.275 g/cm3.
3. Chemical Data
A preliminary EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) analysis performed on the crystal grain used for the structural study did not indicate the presence of elements (Z > 9) other than Cu, Ag, Mn, Pb, As, Sb and S.
Quantitative chemical analyses were carried out using a JEOL JXA-8200 electron-microprobe, operating in WDS (Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry) mode. Major and minor elements were determined at 15 kV accelerating voltage and 30 nA beam current, with 10 s as counting time. For the WDS analyses, the following lines were used: PbMα, AgLα, CuKα, MnKα, SbLβ, AsLα, SKα. The standards employed were: galena (Pb), Ag- pure element (Ag), Cu- pure element (Cu), synthetic MnS (Mn), pyrite (Fe,S), synthetic ZnS (Zn), synthetic Sb2S3 (Sb), synthetic As2S3 (As), synthetic Bi2S3 (Bi), and synthetic PtSe2 (Se). Iron, Zn, Bi, and Se were found below detection limit. The crystal fragment was found to be homogeneous within analytical error. Table 1 gives analytical data (average of 5 spot analyses).
The empirical formula, based on 20 cations per formula unit, is Cu0.38Ag2.48Mn1.75Pb3.79Sb7.55As4.05S24.12, with rounding errors. The Ev(%) value, defined as [Ev(+) − Ev(−)] × 100/Ev(−), is +1.0. After subtracting minor Cu according to the substitution Cu+ → Ag+, the formula can be written as Ag2.86Mn1.75Pb3.79Sb7.55As4.05S24.12. The ideal formula is Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24, which requires (in wt %) Ag 10.17, Mn 3.45, Pb 26.03, As 9.41, Sb 26.77, S 24.17, sum 100.00.
4. Crystallography
For the X-ray single-crystal diffraction study, the intensity data were collected using an Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur 3 diffractometer, equipped with a Sapphire 2 CCD area detector, with MoKα radiation. The detector to crystal working distance was 6 cm. Intensity integration and standard Lorentz-polarization corrections were performed with the CrysAlis RED [5] software package. The program ABSPACK in CrysAlis RED [5] was used for the absorption correction. Tests on the distribution of |E| values agree with the occurrence of an inversion center (|E2 − 1| = 0.895). This information, together with the systematic absences, suggested the space group P21/n. We decided to keep this non-standard setting of the space group to make easier the comparison with the other members of the lillianite homologous series [6]. The refined unit-cell parameters are a = 19.1806 (18), b = 12.7755 (14), c = 8.1789 (10) Å, β = 90.471 (11)°, V = 2004.1 (4) Å3.
The crystal structure was refined with Shelxl-97 [7] starting from the atomic coordinates of menchettiite [4]. The occurrence of twinning on {100} was considered. The site occupancy factors (s.o.f.) were refined using the scattering curves for neutral atoms given in the International Tables for Crystallography [8]. After several cycles of anisotropic refinement, a final R1 = 0.0227 for 2199 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) was achieved (0.0317 for all 6272 reflections). Crystal data and details of the intensity data collection and refinement are reported in Table 2.
Atomic coordinates, site occupancies, and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters are given in Table 3. Selected bond distances are given in Table 4 and bond valence sums are given in Table 5. The crystallographic information file (CIF) is given as Supplementary Material.
X-ray powder diffraction data (Table 6) were obtained on the same fragment used for the single-crystal study with an Oxford Diffraction Excalibur PX Ultra diffractometer fitted with a 165 mm diagonal Onyx CCD detector and using copper radiation (CuKα, λ = 1.54138 Å). The working conditions were 40 kV and 40 nA with 1 hour of exposure; the detector-to-sample distance was 7 cm. The program Crysalis RED was used to convert the observed diffraction rings to a conventional powder diffraction pattern. The least squares refinement gave the following unit-cell values: a = 19.175 (1), b = 12.7775 (9), c = 8.1817 (8) Å, β = 90.26 (1)°, V = 2004.6 (2) Å3.
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Crystal Structure Description
The crystal structure of oyonite (Figure 2) agrees with those of the 4,4L homologue in the lillianite homologous series [6]. There are 10 metal sites and 12 S sites in the unit cell.
The general organization of oyonite, as seen down c, is shown in Figure 3. The crystal structure is formed by the alternation of (311)PbS slabs, four octahedra thick along (100)PbS and unit-cell twinned by reflection on (311)PbS planes. The crystal structure of oyonite shows a two-fold superstructure with respect to the short 4 Å axis of the substructure.
Two independent sites are located on the composition planes (100) of the unit-cell twinning, i.e., M3 and M8. They show a bicapped trigonal prismatic coordination, with a pure Pb occupancy (at M8) or a mixed (Pb,Sb) occupancy (at M3), with a Pb:Sb atomic ratio of 91:9. The chemical composition of the (100) composition plane is [(Pb1.91Sb0.09)S2]+0.09, that can be simplified as (Pb2S2).
Only one kind of (311)PbS slab occurs in the crystal structure of oyonite, formed by one kind of diagonal (100)PbS plane (Figure 4).
On the border of the plane, mixed (Ag,Cu) and (Mn,Ag)-centered octahedra (i.e., M4 and M9 sites, respectively) on one side, and Sb and (Sb,Mn)-centered sites alternate (M6 and M1 sites, respectively). In the center of the plane, a pure Sb site (M5) alternates with a pure As site (M10) along c in one column and mixed (Sb,As) and (As,Sb) sites in the other column (M7 and M2 sites, respectively). The composition of the diagonal (100)PbS plane is (Cu0.20Ag1.25Mn0.86Sb3.65As2.04S10), that can be simplified as (Ag1.5MnSb3.5As2S10). Thus, the simplified chemical composition of oyonite is given by 2 × Pb2S2 + 2 × (Ag1.5MnSb3.5As2S10) = Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24.
The chemical formula, as obtained through the single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, is Cu0.40Ag2.48Mn1.74Pb3.82Sb7.48As4.08S24 (Z = 2).
5.2. Relation to the Other Species
Oyonite belongs to the andorite sub-series of the Sb-rich homeotypic members within the lillianite homologous series ([9]). Following the calculation procedure for the order N and the Ag+ + Me3+ = 2Pb2+ substitution proposed by [6], considering minor cations, the homologue order from chemical analysis is N = 3.58, slightly smaller than the crystallographic value N = 4 indicated by the crystal structure refinement, whereas the substitution percentage is 83%. The idealized chemical composition corresponds to N = 4 and a substitution percentage of 75%.
The simplified chemical formula of the members of the andorite homeotypic series is AgxPb3−2xMe3+2+xS6, where Me = (Sb,Bi). Within this series, the classification of its members can be indicated by the percentage of the andorite component Andn, where n (%) = 100 x. In ideal oyonite, n = 75. Following [6] and [10], mineral species belonging to the andorite series have compositions close to integer values of m in the general formula Ag16−mPb16+2mSb48−mS96, where m = 16 × [1 − (n/100)]. The known species have m = 8 (uchucchacuaite [11] and menchettiite [4]), 6 (fizélyite [12]), 5 (ramdohrite [13]), 1 (quatrandorite [14]), 0 (senandorite [15]), −1 (andreadiniite [16]), −2 (arsenquatrandorite [17]), −3 (roshchinite [18]), and −5 (jasrouxite [19]). Oyonite, having an andorite component And75, corresponds to a new member in the sequence, having m = 4.
Oyonite is the third member of the andorite series where Mn plays a structural role. Based on 12 S atoms per formula unit (Z = 2), these three minerals have formulae AgMnPb3Sb5S12 (uchucchacuaite [1,11]), AgMn1.5Pb2.5Sb3As2S12 (menchettiite [4]), and Ag1.5MnPb2Sb3.5As2S12 (oyonite). Oyonite is related to uchucchacuaite through the heterovalent substitutions 0.5M1Sb3+ + M5Pb2+ + 0.5M9Mn2+ = 0.5M1Mn2+ + M5Sb3+ + 0.5M9Ag+ and by the substitution of Sb-by-As at the M2 and M10 sites. It differs from menchettiite for a higher And component, related to a higher (Ag+Sb) content in the (311)PbS layers (e.g., Sb at M1 and Ag at M9). A comparison between site occupancies in the three Mn-rich members of the andorite group is given in Table 7.
Supplementary Materials
The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/8/5/192/s1, CIF: oyonite.
Author Contributions
F.N.K. acquired the sample; L.B. found and described the new mineral; L.B. and C.B. conceived and designed the experiments; L.B. performed the experiments; L.B. and C.B. analyzed the data; L.B. wrote the paper with input from C.B. and F.N.K.
Acknowledgments
The research was supported by “progetto d’Ateneo 2015, University of Firenze” to Luca Bindi.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
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Figure 1.
Andorite-like minerals occurring with orpiment on calcite. The crystals are not a single phase but a mixture of mainly different andorite-group minerals (i.e., oyonite, menchettiite, …). The width is 1 mm. Photo by Christian Rewitzer.
Figure 1.
Andorite-like minerals occurring with orpiment on calcite. The crystals are not a single phase but a mixture of mainly different andorite-group minerals (i.e., oyonite, menchettiite, …). The width is 1 mm. Photo by Christian Rewitzer.
Figure 2.
Unit-cell content of oyonite as seen down c. Circles: dark grey = Pb sites; light grey = Ag sites; orange = Sb sites; violet = As site; purple = Mn site; yellow = S sites. Atom labels as in Table 3 (for S sites, only the number is reported).
Figure 2.
Unit-cell content of oyonite as seen down c. Circles: dark grey = Pb sites; light grey = Ag sites; orange = Sb sites; violet = As site; purple = Mn site; yellow = S sites. Atom labels as in Table 3 (for S sites, only the number is reported).
Figure 3.
General organization of oyonite, as seen down c. Within each slab, separated by the (100) composition plane, (100)PbS planes occur (one of them is shown by the black dashed line). Lone electron-pair micelles are shown as grey ellipses.
Figure 3.
General organization of oyonite, as seen down c. Within each slab, separated by the (100) composition plane, (100)PbS planes occur (one of them is shown by the black dashed line). Lone electron-pair micelles are shown as grey ellipses.
Figure 4.
Organization of the (100)PbS layer in oyonite, as seen perpendicular to (110).
Table 1.
Chemical data of oyonite.
| Element | wt (%) (n = 5) | Range | Estimated Standard Deviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cu | 0.76 | 0.50–1.05 | 0.02 |
| Ag | 8.39 | 8.08–8.91 | 0.10 |
| Mn | 3.02 | 2.89–3.22 | 0.07 |
| Pb | 24.70 | 24.55–25.81 | 0.25 |
| As | 9.54 | 9.11–9.82 | 0.12 |
| Sb | 28.87 | 28.24–29.61 | 0.21 |
| S | 24.30 | 23.63–24.71 | 0.18 |
| Total | 99.58 | 99.18–100.41 | 0.23 |
Table 2.
Crystal and experimental details for oyonite.
| Crystal Data | |
| Crystal size (mm3) | 0.045 × 0.055 × 0.070 |
| Cell setting, space group | Monoclinic, P21/n |
| a (Å) | 19.1806 (18) |
| b (Å) | 12.7755 (14) |
| c (Å) | 8.1789 (10) |
| β (°) | 90.471 (11) |
| V (Å3) | 2004.1 (4) |
| Z | 2 |
| Data collection and Refinement | |
| Radiation, wavelength (Å) | MoKα, λ = 0.71073 |
| Temperature (K) | 293 |
| 2θmax (°) | 64.63 |
| Measured reflections | 27568 |
| Unique reflections | 6272 |
| Reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) | 2199 |
| Rint | 5.01 |
| Rσ | 6.16 |
| Range of h, k, l | −27 ≤ h ≤ 28, 0 ≤ k ≤ 18, 0 ≤ l ≤ 12 |
| R [Fo > 4σ(Fo)] | 0.0227 |
| R (all data) | 0.0317 |
| wR (on Fo2) | 0.0756 |
| Number of least-squares parameters | 206 |
| Maximum and minimum residual peak (e Å−3) | 1.22 (at 1.26 Å from S9) − 2.98 (at 1.00 Å from M8) |
Table 3.
Atomic coordinates, site occupancies, and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (in Å2) for oyonite.
Table 3.
Atomic coordinates, site occupancies, and equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (in Å2) for oyonite.
| Site | s.o.f. | x | y | z | Ueq |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | Sb0.69(1)Mn0.31(1) | 0.13588 (7) | 0.33007 (10) | 0.12257 (19) | 0.0516 (6) |
| M2 | As0.96(1)Sb0.04(1) | 0.06326 (7) | 0.62044 (9) | 0.1240 (2) | 0.0285 (4) |
| M3 | Pb0.91(1)Sb0.09(1) | 0.24633 (3) | 0.58190 (5) | 0.38468 (9) | 0.0473 (2) |
| M4 | Ag0.80(1)Cu0.20(1) | 0.35946 (6) | 0.32999 (10) | 0.1290 (2) | 0.0526 (6) |
| M5 | Sb1.00 | 0.45771 (5) | 0.60464 (6) | 0.12818 (14) | 0.0335 (2) |
| M6 | Sb1.00 | 0.11431 (5) | 0.33212 (7) | 0.61891 (14) | 0.0379 (3) |
| M7 | Sb0.92(1)As0.08(1) | 0.05163 (5) | 0.63732 (8) | 0.64699 (15) | 0.0378 (4) |
| M8 | Pb1.00 | 0.24437 (3) | 0.57781 (4) | 0.88178 (8) | 0.0376 (2) |
| M9 | Mn0.55(1)Ag0.45(1) | 0.36399 (6) | 0.34426 (9) | 0.61981 (19) | 0.0206 (4) |
| M10 | As1.00 | 0.43438 (6) | 0.59947 (9) | 0.6332 (2) | 0.0254 (3) |
| S1 | S1.00 | 0.10164 (17) | 0.5080 (3) | 0.3380 (5) | 0.0387 (10) |
| S2 | S1.00 | −0.00527 (16) | 0.2329 (2) | 0.1480 (5) | 0.0307 (8) |
| S3 | S1.00 | 0.25202 (18) | 0.4302 (2) | 0.1411 (4) | 0.0360 (8) |
| S4 | S1.00 | 0.16552 (16) | 0.7182 (2) | 0.1134 (5) | 0.0294 (8) |
| S5 | S1.00 | 0.3869 (2) | 0.4998 (3) | 0.4219 (6) | 0.0470 (12) |
| S6 | S1.00 | 0.3468 (15) | 0.7112 (2) | 0.1078 (6) | 0.0302 (9) |
| S7 | S1.00 | 0.09078 (17) | 0.5105 (3) | 0.8998 (6) | 0.0446 (12) |
| S8 | S1.00 | 0.48785 (19) | 0.2893 (3) | 0.0896 (4) | 0.0410 (10) |
| S9 | S1.00 | 0.23509 (15) | 0.4183 (2) | 0.6086 (5) | 0.0327 (9) |
| S10 | S1.00 | 0.16473 (15) | 0.7199 (2) | 0.6453 (6) | 0.0325 (9) |
| S11 | S1.00 | 0.39479 (17) | 0.4896 (2) | 0.8338 (5) | 0.0397 (11) |
| S12 | S1.00 | 0.34339 (15) | 0.7228 (2) | 0.6462 (5) | 0.0283 (8) |
Table 4.
Selected bond distances (in Å) in the crystal structure of oyonite.
| M1 | −S3 | 2.575 (4) | M2 | −S4 | 2.327 (3) | M3 | −S3 | 2.781 (4) | M4 | −S3 | 2.429 (3) | M5 | −S8 | 2.476 (4) |
| −S12 | 2.624 (4) | −S7 | 2.372 (4) | −S9 | 2.789 (4) | −S8 | 2.540 (4) | −S6 | 2.531 (3) | |||||
| −S6 | 2.698 (4) | −S1 | 2.376 (4) | −S5 | 2.907 (4) | −S4 | 2.594 (4) | −S2 | 2.615 (3) | |||||
| −S1 | 2.952 (4) | −S2 | 3.108 (4) | −S1 | 2.953 (3) | −S10 | 2.686 (4) | −S11 | 3.061 (4) | |||||
| −S2 | 2.985 (3) | −S8 | 3.337 (4) | −S10 | 3.187 (4) | −S11 | 3.236 (4) | −S5 | 3.076 (4) | |||||
| −S7 | 3.056 (4) | −S7 | 3.400 (3) | −S4 | 3.208 (4) | −S5 | 3.271 (4) | −S11 | 3.088 (3) | |||||
| −S12 | 3.350 (3) | |||||||||||||
| −S6 | 3.411 (4) | |||||||||||||
| M6 | −S12 | 2.505 (4) | M7 | −S10 | 2.412 (3) | M8 | −S3 | 2.840 (3) | M9 | −S4 | 2.556 (4) | M10 | −S11 | 2.293 (4) |
| −S6 | 2.531 (4) | −S2 | 2.525 (4) | −S4 | 3.023 (4) | −S10 | 2.557 (4) | −S5 | 2.326 (4) | |||||
| −S9 | 2.568 (3) | −S7 | 2.727 (5) | −S9 | 3.028 (4) | −S5 | 2.603 (4) | −S12 | 2.354 (3) | |||||
| −S8 | 2.887 (4) | −S8 | 2.840 (4) | −S10 | 3.053 (4) | −S11 | 2.616 (4) | −S8 | 3.054 (4) | |||||
| −S1 | 3.222 (4) | −S1 | 3.175 (5) | −S7 | 3.074 (4) | −S9 | 2.648 (3) | −S2 | 3.178 (4) | |||||
| −S7 | 3.271 (5) | −S1 | 3.480 (4) | −S11 | 3.125 (4) | −S2 | 2.703 (3) | −S5 | 3.687 (4) | |||||
| −S6 | 3.181 (4) | |||||||||||||
| −S12 | 3.288 (4) |
Table 5.
Bond valence sums (in valence unit) in oyonite.
| Site | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8 | M9 | M10 | Σanion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | 0.22 | 0.75 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.14 0.06 | 1.62 | |||||
| S2 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.64 | 0.79 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 2.05 | ||||
| S3 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 2.01 | ||||||
| S4 | 0.86 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 1.94 | |||||
| S5 | 0.37 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 0.84 0.02 | 1.77 | |||||
| S6 | 0.43 | 0.10 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.18 | 2.31 | |||||
| S7 | 0.16 | 0.76 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.24 | 1.78 | |||||
| S8 | 0.06 | 0.31 | 0.93 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 2.07 | ||||
| S9 | 0.51 | 0.73 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 1.79 | ||||||
| S10 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 1.07 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 2.07 | |||||
| S11 | 0.05 | 0.19 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.31 | 0.92 | 1.86 | |||||
| S12 | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.86 | 0.14 | 0.78 | 2.42 | |||||
| Σcation | 2.15 | 2.58 | 2.17 | 1.30 | 2.92 | 2.93 | 2.86 | 2.04 | 1.87 | 2.64 | |
| Theor. | 2.69 | 3.00 | 2.09 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.55 | 3.00 |
Table 6.
Observed and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data (d in Å) for oyonite. The five strongest reflections are given in bold.
Table 6.
Observed and calculated X-ray powder diffraction data (d in Å) for oyonite. The five strongest reflections are given in bold.
| Iobs | dobs | Icalc | dcalc | h | k | l |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | 13 | 9.5900 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | 6.05 | 21 | 6.0605 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 10 | 5.32 | 14 | 5.3164 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| - | - | 12 | 3.8947 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 25 | 3.83 | 25 | 3.8348 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| 20 | 3.62 | 21 | 3.6183 | −2 | 1 | 2 |
| - | - | 16 | 3.5986 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 40 | 3.34 | 40 | 3.3377 | −3 | 1 | 2 |
| - | - | 42 | 3.3146 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| 100 | 3.29 | 100 | 3.2886 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
| - | - | 12 | 3.1967 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | 3.20 | 14 | 3.1939 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 30 | 3.15 | 30 | 3.1505 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| 40 | 2.920 | 25 | 2.9179 | −1 | 3 | 2 |
| - | - | 28 | 2.9127 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| 30 | 2.860 | 30 | 2.8587 | 6 | 2 | 0 |
| 70 | 2.821 | 55 | 2.8240 | −2 | 3 | 2 |
| - | - | 54 | 2.8146 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 35 | 2.678 | 20 | 2.6843 | −3 | 3 | 2 |
| - | - | 24 | 2.6723 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 20 | 2.241 | 11 | 2.2493 | −7 | 1 | 2 |
| - | - | 12 | 2.2328 | 7 | 1 | 2 |
| - | - | 20 | 2.0488 | −8 | 1 | 2 |
| 50 | 2.045 | 35 | 2.0447 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| - | - | 20 | 2.0346 | 8 | 1 | 2 |
| 20 | 1.980 | 16 | 1.9779 | −4 | 5 | 2 |
| 10 | 1.971 | 14 | 1.9714 | 4 | 5 | 2 |
| 25 | 1.945 | 25 | 1.9460 | 4 | 6 | 0 |
| 10 | 1.919 | 9 | 1.9180 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | 1.863 | 9 | 1.8659 | −8 | 3 | 2 |
| - | - | 9 | 1.8551 | 8 | 3 | 2 |
| 15 | 1.740 | 14 | 1.7419 | −5 | 2 | 4 |
| - | - | 14 | 1.7309 | 5 | 2 | 4 |
Table 7.
Summary of site occupancies in Mn-bearing ramdohrite-type minerals.
| Uchucchacuaite [11] | Menchettiite [4] | Oyonite (This Work) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | Sb | Mn0.60Pb0.40 | Sb0.69Mn0.31 |
| M2 | Sb | As0.57Sb0.43 | As0.96Sb0.04 |
| M3 | Pb | Pb0.65Sb0.35 | Pb0.91Sb0.09 |
| M4 | Ag | Ag | Ag0.80Cu0.20 |
| M5 | Pb | Sb0.77Pb0.23 | Sb |
| M6 | Sb | Sb | Sb |
| M7 | Sb | Sb0.68As0.32 | Sb0.92As0.08 |
| M8 | Pb | Pb | Pb |
| M9 | Mn0.9Ag0.05Sb0.05 | Mn | Mn0.55Ag0.45 |
| M10 | Sb | As | As |
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MDPI and ACS Style
Bindi, L.; Biagioni, C.; Keutsch, F.N. Oyonite, Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24, a New Member of the Lillianite Homologous Series from the Uchucchacua Base-Metal Deposit, Oyon District, Peru. Minerals 2018, 8, 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8050192
AMA Style
Bindi L, Biagioni C, Keutsch FN. Oyonite, Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24, a New Member of the Lillianite Homologous Series from the Uchucchacua Base-Metal Deposit, Oyon District, Peru. Minerals. 2018; 8(5):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8050192
Chicago/Turabian StyleBindi, Luca, Cristian Biagioni, and Frank N. Keutsch. 2018. "Oyonite, Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24, a New Member of the Lillianite Homologous Series from the Uchucchacua Base-Metal Deposit, Oyon District, Peru" Minerals 8, no. 5: 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8050192
APA StyleBindi, L., Biagioni, C., & Keutsch, F. N. (2018). Oyonite, Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24, a New Member of the Lillianite Homologous Series from the Uchucchacua Base-Metal Deposit, Oyon District, Peru. Minerals, 8(5), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8050192
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