Silicon Nitride Bearings for Total Joint Arthroplasty
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. AMTI Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Hip Simulator Study
2.2. SWM Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Hip Simulator Study
2.3. SWM Ceramic-on Ceramic Hip Simulator Study
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. AMTI Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Hip Simulator Study
3.2. SWM Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Hip Simulator Study
3.3. SWM Ceramic-on-Ceramic Hip Simulator Study
- (1)
- High friction is initially observed during a transient run-in period; but this dramatically declines with increasing sliding distance due to formation of a coherent tribochemical lubricating film.
- (2)
- Reduced friction is maintained by continuous motion at lower loads and higher speeds. These conditions aid in retention of the tribochemical film within the wear track. However, slight perturbations of the wear couple (i.e., displacement of the bearing out of the normal wear track) result in an immediate increase in friction, returning the bearing to its transient run-in period. Reformation of the tribochemical film is necessary to reduce friction to prior low levels.
- (3)
- Conversely, high or oscillating friction, and stick-slip behavior are observed for high-loads (above a critical value), slow speeds, and start-stop cycling, as the bearing transitions from hydrodynamic to boundary film lubrication and back again; and,
- (4)
- The reaction products that form the tribochemical film are soluble and potentially resorbable.
4. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Femoral Head Material | Testing Machine | Bearing Size | UHMWPE & Sterilization Method | Wear Rate (mm3/Mc) | Range (mm3/Mc) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si3N4 | AMTI | 28 | PE, ETO | 66.0 ± 5.8 | 60.3–71.9 |
CoCr | AMTI | 28 | PE, ETO | 53.1 ± 4.8 | 47.5–56 |
Si3N4 | AMTI | 28 | XLPE, 78.5 KGy, ETO | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 3.5–6.0 |
Si3N4 | AMTI | 40 | XLPE, 78.5 KGy, ETO | 9.1 ± 1.6 | 8.1–10.9 |
CoCr | SWM | 28 | PE, 25–40 KGy | 17.6 ± 0.7 | 16.7–18.1 |
Si3N4 | SWM | 28 | PE, 25–40 KGy | 21.3 ± 4.1 | 16.7–24.3 |
# of Cycles | Femoral Heads | Acetabular Liners | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si3N4 Group | CoCr Group | Si3N4 Group | CoCr Group | |||||
Mean | Max | Mean | Max | Mean | Max | Mean | Max | |
1 Mc | 4.3 | 7 | 8.6 | 19 | 77 | 177 | 106 | 276 |
3 Mc | 18 | 37 | 101 | 381 | 76 | 177 | 99 | 199 |
5 Mc | 15 | 24 | 112 | 410 | 93 | 190 | 102 | 187 |
Material | Bearing Size | Wear Rate (mm3/Mc) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Head | Liner | Combined | ||
Silicon Nitride | 28 mm | 0.007 ± 0.009 | −0.014 ± 0.017 | −0.007 ± 0.017 |
Alumina | 28 mm | 0.004 ± 0.013 | −0.020 ± 0.012 | −0.017 ± 0.012 |
Silicon Nitride | 40 mm | −0.023 ± 0.003 | −0.029 ± 0.022 | −0.052 ± 0.014 |
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McEntire, B.J.; Lakshminarayanan, R.; Ray, D.A.; Clarke, I.C.; Puppulin, L.; Pezzotti, G. Silicon Nitride Bearings for Total Joint Arthroplasty. Lubricants 2016, 4, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants4040035
McEntire BJ, Lakshminarayanan R, Ray DA, Clarke IC, Puppulin L, Pezzotti G. Silicon Nitride Bearings for Total Joint Arthroplasty. Lubricants. 2016; 4(4):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants4040035
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcEntire, Bryan J., Ramaswamy Lakshminarayanan, Darin A. Ray, Ian C. Clarke, Leonardo Puppulin, and Giuseppe Pezzotti. 2016. "Silicon Nitride Bearings for Total Joint Arthroplasty" Lubricants 4, no. 4: 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants4040035