Influence of Al Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a C and Si-Free High-Mn Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Stacking Fault Energy (SFE)
3.2. Microstructural Evolution
3.3. Cold Rolling and Annealing
3.4. Tensile Tests
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Parameter | Value | Ref. |
---|---|---|
ρ | 4/(a2 N √3) | [39] |
ΔGγ->ε | ΔGγ->εch + ΔGγ->εmag + ΔGex | [11] |
ΔGγ->εch | XFeΔGγ->εFe + XMnΔGγ->εMn + XAlΔGγ->εAl + XCΔGγ->εC + XFeXMnΔΩγ->εFeMn + XFeXAlΔΩγ->εFeAl + XFeXCΔΩγ->εFeC + XMnXCΔΩγ->εMnC | [38] |
ΔGγ->εFe | −2243.38 + 4.309 T | [40] |
ΔGγ->εMn | −1000 + 1.123T | [40] |
ΔGγ->εAl | 5481 − 1.8T | [40] |
ΔGγ->εC | −22,166 | [38] |
ΔΩγ->εFeMn | 2180 + 532(XFe − XMn) | [41] |
ΔΩγ->εFeAl | 3326.28 | [38] |
ΔΩγ->εFeC | 42,538.728 | [38] |
ΔΩγ->εMnC | 26,910 | [39] |
ΔGγ->εmag | RT{ln[1 + βε/(μB)] f(T/ TεN) – ln[1 + βγ/(μB)] f(T/TγN)} | [41] |
τ | T/TεNT/TγN | [41] |
f | 1−{79τ−1/[140p] + 474/497[1/p − 1][τ3/6 + τ9/135 + τ15/600]}/D for τ ≤ 1−{τ−5/10 + τ−15/315 + τ−25/1500]}/D for τ > 1 | [41] |
p | 0.28 | [42] |
D | 2.342456517 | [42] |
βε/μB | 0.62XMn − 4XC | [43] |
βγ/μB | 0.7XFe + 0.62XMn + 0.64XFeXMn − 4 XC | [43] |
TεN | 580 XMn | [43] |
TγN | 10XMn3 – 898.4XMn2 + 1176XMn – 1992XC – 661XAl + 152.4 | [44] |
2ρΔGex | 5 | [22] |
σγ−ε | 10 | [38] |
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Alloy | Mn | Al | C | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|
0Al | 36.89 | 0 | 0.02 | Bal. |
2.5Al | 38.22 | 2.46 | 0.01 | Bal. |
5Al | 38.26 | 4.96 | 0.01 | Bal. |
Pouring temperature | 1793 K (1520 °C) |
Atomization gas | Nitrogen |
Atomization pressure | 0.5 MPa |
Feedstock mass | 4.0 kg |
Gas–metal ratio (GMR) | 1.7 |
Flight distance | 200 mm |
Substrate material | Mild steel |
Diameter of the substrate | 300 mm |
Rotation of the substrate | 20 rpm |
Alloy | σy | UTS | εtotal |
---|---|---|---|
0Al | 207 MPa | 484 MPa | 42.5% |
2.5Al | 236 MPa | 497 MPa | 37.5% |
5Al | 253 MPa | 488 MPa | 30.9% |
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Otani, L.; Vidilli, A.; Coury, F.; Kiminami, C.; Botta, W.; Zepon, G.; Bolfarini, C. Influence of Al Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a C and Si-Free High-Mn Steel. Metals 2020, 10, 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10030352
Otani L, Vidilli A, Coury F, Kiminami C, Botta W, Zepon G, Bolfarini C. Influence of Al Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a C and Si-Free High-Mn Steel. Metals. 2020; 10(3):352. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10030352
Chicago/Turabian StyleOtani, Lucas, André Vidilli, Francisco Coury, Claudio Kiminami, Walter Botta, Guilherme Zepon, and Claudemiro Bolfarini. 2020. "Influence of Al Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a C and Si-Free High-Mn Steel" Metals 10, no. 3: 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10030352