Tuning Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Cu-Be-Co-Ni Alloy by Precipitation Design
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Details
2.1. Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2. Tensile and Low Cycle Fatigue Test
3. Results
3.1. Precipitation Microstructure
3.2. Monotonic Tensile Properties
3.3. Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviors
3.3.1. Cyclic Stress Response Behaviors
3.3.2. Fatigue Life
3.4. Fractography of Low Cycle Fatigue
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Precipitation States on the Fatigue Life
4.2. Effect of Precipitation States on the Cyclic Hardening/Softening Behaviors
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- During the cyclic loading, the effective stress of the Cu-Be-Co-Ni alloy decreased with the increase of the number of cycles (N), while the internal stress increased at first and then became saturated. The competition between the kinematic hardening and isotropic softening decided whether the alloy exhibited cyclic hardening or softening. The fine shearable precipitates in the DA alloy helped to maintain a low dislocation dynamic recovery rate during the deformation, resulting in retarding of the decrease of effective stress, which caused the cyclic hardening in the early stage of the cyclic loading.
- (2)
- The precipitation state of fully non-shearable γ′ precipitates in the NA alloy fostered the uniform deformation and promoted the fatigue crack initiation resistance, resulting in a longer fatigue life under low total strain amplitude. The fine shearable precipitates in the DA alloy contributed to the decrease of the damage accumulation in the crack tip plastic zone and promoted the fatigue crack propagation resistance, leading to a longer fatigue life under high total strain amplitude.
- (3)
- Under the cyclic loading with high stress, the fatigue cracks of the Cu-Be-Co-Ni alloy initiated basically from the sample surface with multiple initiation sites. The macroscopic morphology of the fracture surface presented good agreement with the fatigue life results from LCF tests data. The greater the proportion of propagation zone (area including the FCI and FCG zone) on the fracture surface is, the longer the fatigue life is. Furthermore, the smaller fatigue striations spacing of the DA alloy suggested a higher fatigue crack propagation resistance compared to the NA alloy.
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Be | Ni | Co | Cu |
---|---|---|---|---|
Content | 1.9 | 0.2–0.3 | 0.1–0.2 | Bal. |
Aging Condition | Young’s Modulus (GPa) | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | Uniform Elongation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
DA | 134.2 | 1131 | 1308 | 7.1 |
NA | 135.7 | 1213 | 1300 | 5.3 |
Aging Condition | Fatigue Strength Coefficient, (MPa) | Fatigue Strength Exponent, b | Fatigue Ductility Coefficient, (%) | Fatigue Ductility Exponent, c |
---|---|---|---|---|
NA | 2135 | −0.127 | 5.757 | −0.925 |
DA | 2455 | −0.154 | 30.577 | −1.209 |
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Tang, Y.; Kang, Y.; Liu, D.; Shen, M.; Hu, Y.; Zhao, L. Tuning Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Cu-Be-Co-Ni Alloy by Precipitation Design. Metals 2018, 8, 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060444
Tang Y, Kang Y, Liu D, Shen M, Hu Y, Zhao L. Tuning Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Cu-Be-Co-Ni Alloy by Precipitation Design. Metals. 2018; 8(6):444. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060444
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Yanchuan, Yonglin Kang, Dejia Liu, Mingxue Shen, Yong Hu, and Longzhi Zhao. 2018. "Tuning Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Cu-Be-Co-Ni Alloy by Precipitation Design" Metals 8, no. 6: 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060444