Investigating Bio-Inspired Degradation of Toxic Dyes Using Potential Multi-Enzyme Producing Extremophiles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Toxicity and the Negative Impact of Dyes on Human and Environmental Ecosystems
3. The Role of Polyextremophilic Bacteria in Dye Degradation
4. Enzyme-Linked Bioremediation of Dyes
5. Discussion and Future Prospective
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Name of Bacterial Strain | key Enzymes/Substrates | Type of Dyes | Efficiency | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thermophiles | Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 10149 | Extracellular laccase | Remazol Brilliant Blue R | 90% | [59] |
Anoxybacillus sp. PDR2 | Quinone oxidoreductase | Direct Black G | 90% | [60] | |
Nivibacillus thermophiles SG-1 | Gene encoding riboflavin biosynthesis protein | Azo dye (Orange I) | 100% | [61] | |
Consortium of Caldanaerobacter and Pseudomonas | not reported | Acid Orange 7 | 90% | [62] | |
Caldanaerobacter | Xylose | Acid Orange 7 | 97% | [63] | |
Geobacillus thermoleovorans KNG 112 | not reported | amaranth R.I and red E azo dyes | ~98% | [64,65] | |
Geobacillus yumthangensis | Laccase | Organic dyes, including Alizarin, Acid red 27, Congo red, bromophenol blue, Coomassie brilliant blue R-250, Malachite green, and Indigo carmine | ~99% | [66] | |
Thermus sp. | Laccase | xylidine | 98% | [67] | |
Geobacillus thermoleovorans | Not reported | Methylene Blue and Acid Orange G | 100% | [68] | |
Psychrophiles | Micrococcus antarcticus | Psychrophilic β-glucosidase | Starch stain | not reported | [69] |
Psychrobacter almentarius | Not reported | Reactive Black 5, Reactive Golden Ovifix, and Reactive Blue BRS | ~100% | [53] | |
Psychrobacter sp. | Not reported | Fast orange, Methanil yellow, and Acid fast red | ~85% | [70] | |
Zhihengliuella sp. | Lignin peroxidase and laccase | Methyl red | 98.87% | [55] | |
Bacillus sp. | Azo-reductase | Amido black 10B, Evans blue, Janus green, Methyl orange, Methyl red, and orange G) | ~98% | [52] | |
Alkaliphiles | Bacillus licheniformis LS04 | Laccase | Reactive black 5 | >80% | [71] |
Bacillus fermus | Not reported | Direct Blue-14 | >92.76% | [72] | |
Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis EMLA3 | Not reported | Methyl red | 97% | [73] | |
Pseudomonas mendocina | Laccase | Mixture of reactive red (RR), Reactive brown (RB), and Reactive black (RBL) | 58.40% | [35] | |
Bacillus subtilis | Intracellular azoreductase | Mixed azo dyes | 87.35% | [74] | |
Halopiger aswanensis | Lignin Peroxidase (LiP), Manganese Peroxidase (MnP), and laccase | Malachite Green, Methyl orange | ~93% | [75] | |
Halophiles | Halomonas sp | Azoreductase | Acid Brilliant Scarlet GR | [76] | |
Halomonas sp. strain A55 | Not reported | different dyes | ~100% | [77] | |
Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis EMLA3 | Not reported | methyl red | 97% | [73] | |
Mixture of Enterococcus, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Kosakonia. | Laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, azo reductase, and NADH–DCIP reductase | Congo red, Direct Black G (DBG), Amaranth, Methyl red, and Methyl orange | ~100% | [78] | |
Bacillus circulans BWL1061 | Azoreductase, NADH-DCIP reductase, and laccase | Methyl orange | >90% | [79] | |
Alcaligenes faecalis | Azoreductase, laccase and NADH-DCIP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dichlorophenol indophenols) reductase | Acid Scarlet 3R | ~100% | [80] | |
Bacillus sp. strain CH12 | Not reported | Reactive Red 239 | ~100% | [48] |
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Pham, V.H.T.; Kim, J.; Chang, S.; Bang, D. Investigating Bio-Inspired Degradation of Toxic Dyes Using Potential Multi-Enzyme Producing Extremophiles. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1273. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051273
Pham VHT, Kim J, Chang S, Bang D. Investigating Bio-Inspired Degradation of Toxic Dyes Using Potential Multi-Enzyme Producing Extremophiles. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(5):1273. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051273
Chicago/Turabian StylePham, Van Hong Thi, Jaisoo Kim, Soonwoong Chang, and Donggyu Bang. 2023. "Investigating Bio-Inspired Degradation of Toxic Dyes Using Potential Multi-Enzyme Producing Extremophiles" Microorganisms 11, no. 5: 1273. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051273