Akkermansia muciniphila in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: When, Where, and How?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Prevalence of Akkermansia muciniphila through Geography and Age in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract
3. Physiologic Adaptation of Akkermansia muciniphila to the Human GIT
4. Akkermansia muciniphila along the Human Gastrointestinal Tract
4.1. Oral Cavity
4.2. Pancreas
4.3. Bile Ducts and Gallblader
4.4. Small Intestine
4.5. Large Intestine
4.6. Appendix
4.7. Human Breast Milk and Early Life Intestine
4.8. Akkermansia Muciniphila in In Vitro Gut Models
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Geerlings, S.Y.; Kostopoulos, I.; De Vos, W.M.; Belzer, C. Akkermansia muciniphila in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: When, Where, and How? Microorganisms 2018, 6, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030075
Geerlings SY, Kostopoulos I, De Vos WM, Belzer C. Akkermansia muciniphila in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: When, Where, and How? Microorganisms. 2018; 6(3):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030075
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeerlings, Sharon Y., Ioannis Kostopoulos, Willem M. De Vos, and Clara Belzer. 2018. "Akkermansia muciniphila in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: When, Where, and How?" Microorganisms 6, no. 3: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030075