Dog Ecology and Demographics in Several Areas in the Philippines and Its Application to Anti-Rabies Vaccination Programs
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Phone Based Application and Survey Questionnaire
- Gender of dog—Female, Male
- Confinement practices followed by owner—Confined all the time (confine yes), not confined at all the time (confine no) and Female dog confined during the heat (confine heat)
- If the dog was vaccinated against rabies in the last one year and, in case of un-vaccinated dog, surveyor to further asked owner’s willingness for vaccination if it were to be provided free—Vaccinated in the last one year (vacc), willing to vaccinate (vacc OK) and not willing to vaccinate (vacc NO)
- If the dog was sterilized or not and in case of an unsterilized dog, owner’s willingness to sterilize if it were to be provided free—Sterilized (steril), willing to sterilize (steril OK) and not willing to sterilize (steril NO)
2.2. Survey Design and Household Selection
2.3. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Dog Demographics and Dog Ownership
3.2. Sterilisation and Vaccination Status
3.3. Dog Population by Human Density and Type of Human Settlement
3.4. Dog Population and Human Density
3.5. Level of Confinement in Different Types of Human Settlements
3.6. Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) Survey Finding from Quezon City
3.6.1. Human Demographics
3.6.2. Rabies and Dog Bites
3.6.3. Dog Demographics
3.7. Application to the National Rabies Vaccination Program
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Area/City Name | Human Density (Per km2) | HH Sample | Total Dogs (Estimated) | Dogs per 1000 Human | % DOHH | Dog per HH | Dogs per DOHH | % Female Dogs | % Dogs Unconfined |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quezon City | 18,223 | 3500 | 648,747 | 220.95 | 54.91 | 0.95 | 1.71 | 44.2 | 15 |
Cebu City | 13,696 | 1603 | 135,548 | 176.80 | 46.10 | 0.82 | 1.78 | 46.6 | 43.3 |
Lapu Lapu City | 6331 | 1121 | 73,146 | 179.20 | 43.26 | 0.81 | 1.76 | 43.8 | 53.7 |
Urban Philippines | 14,601 | 6224 | 857,441 | 208.57 | 50.55 | 0.91 | 1.73 | 44.5 | 29.3 |
Lingayen town | 1560 | 1113 | 29,377 | 284.40 | 63.16 | 1.22 | 1.90 | 48.1 | 57.6 |
Zamboanga town | 2321 | 1241 | 86,787 | 235.60 | 39.40 | 0.85 | 2.20 | 42.6 | 52.2 |
Semi Urban Philippines | 2124 | 2354 | 116,164 | 213.76 | 50.64 | 0.92 | 2.00 | 44.0 | 54.7 |
Cebu Rural | 662 | 386 | 31,715 | 203.53 | 57.0 | 1.05 | 1.84 | 39.5 | 78.5 |
Zamboanga Rural | 888 | 1000 | 116,246 | 275.70 | 48.50 | 1.19 | 2.40 | 41.6 | 52.85 |
Rural Philippines | 813 | 1386 | 147,961 | 256.23 | 50.87 | 1.15 | 2.21 | 41.2 | 60.0 |
Cabilao Island | 577 | 190 | 676 | 152.75 | 36.3 | 0.59 | 1.64 | 33.6 | 88.5 |
Malapascua Island | 3266 | 130 | 854 | 166.56 | 29.2 | 0.59 | 2.03 | 50.6 | 83.1 |
Pitogo Island | 426 | 380 | 4066 | 174.07 | 48.2 | 0.86 | 1.78 | 43.5 | 81.7 |
Three Islands | 514 | 700 | 5595 | 170.03 | 41.4 | 0.76 | 1.78 | 42.4 | 84.5 |
City/Town/Area Name | Anti-Rabies Vaccination Status (% Coverage) | % Owner Willing to Vaccinate Their Dog | % Owner Willing to Sterilize Their Female Dogs | % Owner Willing to Sterilize Their Male Dogs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Urban Philippines | ||||
Quezon City | 73.4 | 75.6 | 10.4 | 12.8 |
Cebu City | 52 | 96.8 | 40.6 | 48.1 |
Lapu Lapu | 36.0 | 96.8 | 59.0 | 65.9 |
Semi Urban Philippines | ||||
Lingayen | 40.8 | 99.1 | 18.4 | 31.5 |
Zamboanga | 47.6 | 98.7 | 31.3 | 34.6 |
Rural Philippines | ||||
Cebu Rural | 35 | 91.5 | 63.2 | 60.7 |
Zamboanga Rural | 36.6 | 96 | 6.6 | 12.8 |
Islands | ||||
Cabilao | 50.4 | 67.9 | 64.5 | 86.3 |
Malapascua | 23.4 | 100 | 94.1 | 93.3 |
Pitogo | 61.3 | 79.4 | 71.4 | 74.7 |
Human Density per km2 | Dogs per 1000 Humans | Density Level for the Location |
---|---|---|
Quezon City | ||
Below 20,000 | 234 | Low |
20,001 to 50,000 | 223 | Medium |
Above 50,001 | 175 | High |
Lingayen Town | ||
Below 1000 | 323 | Low |
1001 to 3000 | 320 | Medium |
Above 3001 | 242 | High |
Zamboanga Rural | ||
Below 1000 | 302 | Low |
1001 to 10,000 | 282 | Medium |
Above 10,000 | 242 | High |
Where Did You Get This Dog from? | Number | Percentage | Source Category | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adopted from the street outside this Barangay | 6 | 0.4 | Adopted | 53 | 4.0 |
Adopted from the street in this Barangay | 32 | 2.4 | |||
Adopted from a shelter | 1 | 0.1 | |||
Adopted from another person outside this Barangay | 6 | 0.4 | |||
Adopted from another person in this Barangay | 8 | 0.6 | |||
Born in this household | 158 | 11.8 | Born to household | 158 | 11.8 |
Bought by the owner/household outside this Barangay | 137 | 10.3 | Bought | 230 | 17.2 |
Bought by the owner/household within this Barangay | 93 | 7.0 | |||
Given to the owner/household | 880 | 65.9 | Gifted | 880 | 65.9 |
Other | 14 | 1.0 | Other | 14 | 1.0 |
TOTAL | 1335 | - |
What of the Following Do You Usually Do with Puppies? Note That Multiple Responses Can Be Given per Respondent | Number | Percentage | Fate Category | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Give them away as gifts to friends/family | 115 | 43.6 | Gifts | 115 | 43.6 |
Keep puppies in my home | 51 | 19.3 | Keep | 51 | 19.3 |
Puppies died | 57 | 21.6 | Died | 57 | 21.6 |
Sell to other dog owners outside my Barangay | 20 | 7.6 | Sale | 41 | 15.6 |
Sell to other dog owners in my Barangay | 21 | 8.0 | |||
TOTAL | 264 | - | - | - | - |
Source | Has She Ever Had Puppies? | ||
---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | % Yes | |
Adopted | 10 | 11 | 47.6 |
Born to household | 20 | 46 | 30.3 |
Bought | 32 | 84 | 27.6 |
Gifted | 129 | 237 | 35.2 |
Other | 1 | 2 | - |
TOTAL | 192 | 380 | 33.6 |
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Chaudhari, A.; Kartal, T.; Brill, G.; Amano, K.J.; Lagayan, M.G.; Jorca, D. Dog Ecology and Demographics in Several Areas in the Philippines and Its Application to Anti-Rabies Vaccination Programs. Animals 2022, 12, 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010105
Chaudhari A, Kartal T, Brill G, Amano KJ, Lagayan MG, Jorca D. Dog Ecology and Demographics in Several Areas in the Philippines and Its Application to Anti-Rabies Vaccination Programs. Animals. 2022; 12(1):105. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010105
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaudhari, Amit, Tamara Kartal, George Brill, Kazami Joanne Amano, Maria Glofezita Lagayan, and Daphne Jorca. 2022. "Dog Ecology and Demographics in Several Areas in the Philippines and Its Application to Anti-Rabies Vaccination Programs" Animals 12, no. 1: 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010105