Salmonella and Salmonellosis: An Update on Public Health Implications and Control Strategies
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Salmonella and Its Relationship with Foodborne Outbreaks: Update in the EU
2.1. EFSA Fact Sheet
2.2. Foodborne Outbreak Dashboard in the EU
2.3. Salmonella Occurrence in the EU
3. An Update on Environmental Stresses Affecting Salmonella in Foods
3.1. Acid Resistance of Salmonella in Foods
3.2. Survival of Salmonella in Low-Water-Activity Foods
3.3. The Biofilm Formation of Salmonella in Food-Processing Environments
3.4. Predictive Microbiology Models for Estimation of the Microbial Behavior of Salmonella in Foods
4. Antimicrobial Resistance
4.1. Salmonella and Antimicrobial Resistance: Preface
4.2. Key Findings
5. Control Strategies in Animal Health
5.1. Feeding Strategies
5.2. Non-Feeding Strategies
5.2.1. Bacteriophages or Phages
5.2.2. Vaccines
5.2.3. Biosecurity
Salmonella Cleaning and Disinfection Protocols
Other Aspects Related to Biosecurity
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serovar | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | MSs | % | Cases | MSs | % | Cases | MSs | % | |
Enteritidis | 23,634 | 23 | 64.6 | 21,203 | 23 | 63.1 | 32,010 | 24 | 61.6 |
Typhimurium | 4027 | 23 | 11.0 | 3702 | 22 | 11.0 | 6044 | 24 | 11.6 |
Monophasic Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i:- | 1269 | 14 | 3.5 | 1530 | 16 | 4.6 | 2668 | 17 | 5.2 |
Infantis | 633 | 23 | 1.7 | 716 | 21 | 2.1 | 1215 | 24 | 2.3 |
Derby | 239 | 16 | 0.7 | 260 | 17 | 0.8 | 396 | 20 | 0.8 |
Coeln | 315 | 14 | 0.9 | 201 | 17 | 0.6 | 270 | 15 | 0.5 |
Other | 6462 | - | 17.7 | 6009 | - | 17.9 | 9378 | - | 18.0 |
Total | 36,579 | 23 | 100 | 33,621 | 23 | 100 | 52,001 | 24 | 100 |
T (°C) | pH | aw | µmax |
---|---|---|---|
5 | 5.2 | 0.970 | 0.005 |
8 | 5.7 | 0.970 | 0.010 |
10 | 5.7 | 0.976 | 0.030 |
15 | 5.9 | 0.980 | 0.080 |
20 | 6.0 | 0.990 | 0.200 |
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Galán-Relaño, Á.; Valero Díaz, A.; Huerta Lorenzo, B.; Gómez-Gascón, L.; Mena Rodríguez, M.Á.; Carrasco Jiménez, E.; Pérez Rodríguez, F.; Astorga Márquez, R.J. Salmonella and Salmonellosis: An Update on Public Health Implications and Control Strategies. Animals 2023, 13, 3666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13233666
Galán-Relaño Á, Valero Díaz A, Huerta Lorenzo B, Gómez-Gascón L, Mena Rodríguez MÁ, Carrasco Jiménez E, Pérez Rodríguez F, Astorga Márquez RJ. Salmonella and Salmonellosis: An Update on Public Health Implications and Control Strategies. Animals. 2023; 13(23):3666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13233666
Chicago/Turabian StyleGalán-Relaño, Ángela, Antonio Valero Díaz, Belén Huerta Lorenzo, Lidia Gómez-Gascón, M.ª Ángeles Mena Rodríguez, Elena Carrasco Jiménez, Fernando Pérez Rodríguez, and Rafael J. Astorga Márquez. 2023. "Salmonella and Salmonellosis: An Update on Public Health Implications and Control Strategies" Animals 13, no. 23: 3666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13233666