African Swine Fever and Its Control Measures in Wild Boar: A “De Iure Condito” Analysis in the European Union
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. The New Rules Applied to the Complex Epidemiology of ASF
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- ANNEX I defines the restricted zones I, II and III at union level;
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- ANNEX II defines the areas at union level as infected or restricted zones, including protection and surveillance zones. In particular, following an outbreak of ASF in wild boar, areas are established as infected zones. In contrast, in farmed pigs, outbreaks areas are established as restricted zones, comprising protection and surveillance zones;
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- ANNEX IV defines minimum requirements for national action plans for wild boar in order to avoid the spreading of ASF in EU MS, based on the level of epidemiological risk and keeping into account the logistic, ecological, social and productive situation surrounding the suspected or confirmed case. In particular, national action plans must:
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- Establish the objectives, priorities and goals of the national action plan, with a description of scientific measures set out in the plan;
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- Describe the roles and functions of the main institutions and stakeholders;
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- Estimate, with valid scientific methods, the population size of wild boar;
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- Describe hunting management;
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- Describe targets and measures used to control and reduce wild boar populations;
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- Describe biosecurity requirements related to hunting of wild boar;
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- Describe union or national biosecurity measures to protect farmed pigs from wild boar;
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- Implement arrangements, including a timetable for different measures;
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- Provide a communication strategy for hunters and training campaigns concerning ASF risk to prevent the introduction and dissemination of the disease by hunters;
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- Provide a joint program of cooperation between agricultural and environmental boards;
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- Describe cross-border cooperation with other MS and third countries;
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- Describe the compulsory, continuous, passive surveillance testing of wild boar;
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- Assess the possible negative effects of hunting activities.
3. Discussion
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- Training of hunters to make them aware of the ASF-related risks and standard practices in case of finding suspected carcasses;
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- Enhancement of passive surveillance (key measure) by all local actors;
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- Implementation of depopulation actions to reduce wild boar density (mostly involving hunters and governmental designated operators);
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- Setting up fences bordering the infected areas, which must be properly designed in robustness and size to limit the movements of wild boar;
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- Control of the prohibition of any activity related to mushroom collection and/or fruit from the undergrowth;
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- Regulation of human activities and movements inside the restriction zones.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Migliore, S.; Hussein, H.A.; Galluzzo, P.; Puleio, R.; Loria, G.R. African Swine Fever and Its Control Measures in Wild Boar: A “De Iure Condito” Analysis in the European Union. Animals 2024, 14, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14010014
Migliore S, Hussein HA, Galluzzo P, Puleio R, Loria GR. African Swine Fever and Its Control Measures in Wild Boar: A “De Iure Condito” Analysis in the European Union. Animals. 2024; 14(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14010014
Chicago/Turabian StyleMigliore, Sergio, Hany A. Hussein, Paola Galluzzo, Roberto Puleio, and Guido Ruggero Loria. 2024. "African Swine Fever and Its Control Measures in Wild Boar: A “De Iure Condito” Analysis in the European Union" Animals 14, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14010014