A Biochemical and Histological Assessment of Postmortem Changes to the Eyes of Domestic Pigs: A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Sampling
2.2. Tissue Sampling
2.3. Blood Sampling
2.4. Sampling the Vitreous Humor
2.5. Fixation and Histological Specimen Preparation—Categorical Analysis
2.6. Statistical Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Results of the Biochemical Analysis of Serum
3.2. The results of the Biochemical Analysis of the Vitreous Humor of the Eye
3.3. The Histological Analysis of the Retina
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serum Results | Vitreous Humor Results | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (n = 10) | SD | M (n = 10) | SD | p | |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 146.40 | ±2.91 | 143.70 | ±2.06 | 0.028 * |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 7.29 | ±0.41 | 5.76 | ±0.62 | 0.000 * |
Chloride (mmol/L) | 105.40 | ±2.22 | 123.80 | ±1.93 | 0.000 * |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.74 | ±5.74 | 2.20 | ±0.29 | 0.000 * |
Histological Changes | Histological Scoring of Changes to the Retina in Time Intervals | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 (n = 3) | 12 (n = 3) | 24 (n = 3) | 48 (n = 3) | 120 (n = 3) | ||
Homogenization of the layer of cones and rods | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.010 * |
Detachment of the neuroretina from the RPE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.500 |
Pyknosis of the outer nuclear layer | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0.000 * |
Homogenization of the outer plexiform layer | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0.000 * |
Pyknosis of the inner nuclear layer | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0.000 * |
Homogenization of the inner plexiform layer | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.043 * |
Pyknosis of the ganglion cell layer | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0.000 * |
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Palić, M.; Šoštarić Zuckermann, I.-C.; Džaja, P.; Ljubić, B.B.; Severin, K. A Biochemical and Histological Assessment of Postmortem Changes to the Eyes of Domestic Pigs: A Preliminary Study. Animals 2024, 14, 1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14081190
Palić M, Šoštarić Zuckermann I-C, Džaja P, Ljubić BB, Severin K. A Biochemical and Histological Assessment of Postmortem Changes to the Eyes of Domestic Pigs: A Preliminary Study. Animals. 2024; 14(8):1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14081190
Chicago/Turabian StylePalić, Magdalena, Ivan-Conrado Šoštarić Zuckermann, Petar Džaja, Blanka Beer Ljubić, and Krešimir Severin. 2024. "A Biochemical and Histological Assessment of Postmortem Changes to the Eyes of Domestic Pigs: A Preliminary Study" Animals 14, no. 8: 1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14081190