Use of Encapsulation Technology to Improve the Efficiency of an Iron Oral Supplement to Prevent Anemia in Suckling Pigs
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material
2.2. Iron Encapsulation
2.3. Supplement Compounding
2.4. In vivo Study
2.4.1. Animals
2.4.2. Iron Status
2.4.3. Behavioral Observations
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Supplement
3.2. Effects of Encapsulated Oral Iron Supplements on the Iron Status of Piglets
3.3. Behavioral Observations
4. Discussion
4.1. Iron Supplements
4.2. Effects of Parenteral and Oral Iron Supplements on the Iron Status of Piglets
4.3. Effect of Encapsulation of Iron Sources on Iron Status of Piglets
4.4. Effect of Encapsulation on the Behavior of Pigs When Consuming Oral Supplements
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Productive Parameters | P | US | ES | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Live weight (day 1) | 1.609 | 1.618 | 1.622 | 0.017 | 0.8525 |
Live weight (day 21) | 6.270 | 6.271 | 6.269 | 0.187 | 0.9999 |
Live weight gain | 0.222 | 0.221 | 0.221 | 0.009 | 0.9992 |
Biomarkers † | Parenteral | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Day 21 | SEM | p-Value | |
Red blood cell (106 × mm3) | 6.1 | 5.9 | 0.08 | 0.0855 |
Hematocrit (%) | 32.2 a | 30.0 b1 | 0.42 | 0.0007 |
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) | 52.5 a | 50.1 b1 | 0.59 | 0.0084 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.8 a | 9.3 b1 | 0.16 | <0.001 |
Serum ferritin (µg/L) | 21.4 a | 8.4 b1 | 0.72 | <0.001 |
Unencapsulated supplement | ||||
Red blood cell (106 × mm3) | 6.2 | 6.1 | 0.08 | 0.3334 |
Hematocrit (%) | 31.5 | 32.3 2 | 0.55 | 0.2873 |
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) | 52.1 | 53.2 2 | 0.65 | 0.2318 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.9 | 11.3 2 | 0.23 | 0.1958 |
Serum ferritin (µg/L) | 18.6 | 17.4 | 0.79 | 0.3028 |
Encapsulated supplement | ||||
Red blood cell (106 × mm3) | 6.1 | 6.1 | 0.08 | 0.5660 |
Hematocrit (%) | 32.4 | 32.8 2 | 0.30 | 0.3052 |
Mean corpuscular volume (fL) | 52.9 | 54.2 2 | 0.69 | 0.2230 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.2 | 11.6 2 | 0.23 | 0.2558 |
Serum ferritin (µg/L) | 20.8 | 19.9 3 | 0.76 | 0.4076 |
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Churio, O.; Durán, E.; Guzmán-Pino, S.A.; Valenzuela, C. Use of Encapsulation Technology to Improve the Efficiency of an Iron Oral Supplement to Prevent Anemia in Suckling Pigs. Animals 2019, 9, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9010001
Churio O, Durán E, Guzmán-Pino SA, Valenzuela C. Use of Encapsulation Technology to Improve the Efficiency of an Iron Oral Supplement to Prevent Anemia in Suckling Pigs. Animals. 2019; 9(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleChurio, Osmaly, Emerson Durán, Sergio A. Guzmán-Pino, and Carolina Valenzuela. 2019. "Use of Encapsulation Technology to Improve the Efficiency of an Iron Oral Supplement to Prevent Anemia in Suckling Pigs" Animals 9, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9010001