High Frequency Ultrasound of Basal Cell Carcinomas: Ultrasonographic Features and Histological Subtypes, a Retrospective Study of 100 Tumors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Evaluation of Ultrasound Images
2.2. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Dataset Characteristics
3.2. HFUS Tumor Features (Shape and Margins) and Correlation with BCC Histological Subtype
3.3. HFUS Measurements (Tumor Depth and Length)
3.3.1. Before BCC Tangential Excision, by BCC Histological Subtype
3.3.2. After BCC Tangential Excision, by BCC Histological Subtype
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Value | Frequency (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 66 (66.0) | ||
Female | 34 (34.0) | |||
Age | 73.1 (11.6) | 71.0 (62–84) | ||
Localization | Head | 64 (64.0) | ||
Neck | 2 (2.0) | |||
Upper limb | 5 (5.0) | |||
Lower limb | 1 (1.0) | |||
Torso | 28 (28.0) | |||
Type | Superficial | 29 (29.0) | ||
Nodular | 33 (33.0) | |||
Micronodular | 2 (2.0) | |||
Infiltrative | 21 (21.0) | |||
Superficial + Infiltrative | 1 (1.0) | |||
Missing | 14 (14.0) | |||
Shape | Ribbon | 26 (26.0) | ||
Round | 46 (46.0) | |||
Irregular | 28 (28.0) | |||
Margins | Well-defined | 74 (74.0) | ||
Ill-defined | 26 (26.0) |
A. Cross-Tabulation between the Histological Subtype and the Tumor Shape (n = 85). | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Histological Subtype | Shape | Total | |||
Irregular | Ribbon | Round | |||
Infiltrative | Count | 16 | 0 | 5 | 21 |
% within subtype | 76.2 | 0.0 | 23.8 | 100.0 | |
% within shape | 69.6 | 0.0 | 13.5 | 24.7 | |
Micronodular | Count | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
% within subtype | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
% within shape | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 2.4 | |
Superficial | Count | 0 | 25 | 4 | 29 |
% within subtype | 0.0 | 86.2 | 13.8 | 100.0 | |
% within shape | 0.0 | 100.0 | 10.8 | 34.1 | |
Nodular | Count | 7 | 0 | 26 | 33 |
% within subtype | 21.2 | 0.0 | 78.8 | 100.0 | |
% within shape | 30.4 | 0.0 | 70.3 | 38.8 | |
Total | Count | 23 | 25 | 37 | 85 |
% within subtype | 27.1 | 29.4 | 43.5 | 100.0 | |
% within shape | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
B. Cross-Tabulation between the Histological Subtype and the Tumor Margins (n = 85). | |||||
Histological Subtype | Margins | Total | |||
Well Defined | Ill Defined | ||||
Infiltrative | Count | 11 | 10 | 21 | |
% within subtype | 52.4 | 47.6 | 100.0 | ||
% within margins | 18.0 | 41.7 | 24.7 | ||
Micronodular | Count | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
% within subtype | 50.0 | 50.0 | 100.0 | ||
% within margins | 1.6 | 4.2 | 2.4 | ||
Superficial | Count | 24 | 5 | 29 | |
% within subtype | 82.8 | 17.2 | 100.0 | ||
% within margins | 39.3 | 20.8 | 34.1 | ||
Nodular | Count | 25 | 8 | 33 | |
% within subtype | 75.8 | 24.2 | 100.0 | ||
% within margins | 41.0 | 33.3 | 38.8 | ||
Total | Count | 61 | 24 | 85 | |
% within subtype | 71.8 | 28.2 | 100.0 | ||
% within margins | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
HFUS Measurements (n = 100) | Category | Count (%) | Mean Value (SD) | Median (IQR) |
---|---|---|---|---|
HFUS depth | 1702.6 (992.6) | 1742 (801–2266) | ||
HFUS skin | 1180.8 (572.3) | 1156 (656–1596) | ||
HFUS length | <2500 | 0 (0.0) | ||
2500–5000 | 8 (8.0) | |||
5001–7500 | 39 (39.0) | |||
7501–10,000 | 29 (29.0) | |||
10,001–13,000 | 22 (22.0) | |||
>13,000 | 2 (2.0) | |||
Measurements by BCC subtype (n = 85, excl missing and mixed type histology) | ||||
HFUS depth | Superficial | 620.6 (255.5) | 539 (469–776) | |
Nodular | 2413.4 (798.2) | 2286.5 (1969–2749) | ||
Micronodular | 2656.5 (613.1) | 2656.5 (2223–3090) | ||
Infiltrative | 1692 (791.2) | 1563 (1242–2076) | ||
HFUS skin | Superficial | 584 (267.9) | 485 (430–700) | |
Nodular | 1473.8 (450.3) | 1508 (1116–1717) | ||
Micronodular | 1585 (332.3) | 1585 (1350–1820) |
A. Before Tumor ‘Debulking’. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source | SS | df | MS | F | Prob > F |
Between groups | 55,382,578.5 | 4 | 13,845,644.6 | 32.05 | 0.0000 |
Within groups | 40,179,899.5 | 93 | 432,041.93 | ||
Total | 95,562,478 | 97 | 985,180.186 | ||
B. After Tumor ‘Debulking’. | |||||
Source | SS | df | MS | F | Prob > F |
Between groups | 14,854,538.9 | 4 | 3,713,634.72 | 20.24 | 0.0000 |
Within groups | 17,247,804.5 | 94 | 183,487.282 | ||
Total | 32,102,343.4 | 98 | 327,574.933 |
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Siskou, S.; Pasquali, P.; Trakatelli, M. High Frequency Ultrasound of Basal Cell Carcinomas: Ultrasonographic Features and Histological Subtypes, a Retrospective Study of 100 Tumors. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3893. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123893
Siskou S, Pasquali P, Trakatelli M. High Frequency Ultrasound of Basal Cell Carcinomas: Ultrasonographic Features and Histological Subtypes, a Retrospective Study of 100 Tumors. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(12):3893. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123893
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiskou, Styliani, Paola Pasquali, and Myrto Trakatelli. 2023. "High Frequency Ultrasound of Basal Cell Carcinomas: Ultrasonographic Features and Histological Subtypes, a Retrospective Study of 100 Tumors" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12: 3893. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123893