Cancer Metabolism: Fasting Reset, the Keto-Paradox and Drugs for Undoing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Metabolic Vulnerability of Tumor Cells
2.1. Tumor Metabolism
2.2. An Essential Observation Illustrates the Ketolytic Dependency of Tumor Cells
2.3. What about Ketone Diets?
3. Metabolic Features of Ketolytic-Dependent Tumors
3.1. The Keto Diet: Is It Appropriate?
3.2. Why Is Pyruvate Kinase Phosphorylated?
3.3. How Do We Switch Back to Glycolysis?
3.3.1. Selection of the Acetyl-CoA Source
3.3.2. Role of AMP Deaminase
3.4. A Metabolic Hypothesis for How Cancer Forms?
4. How to Undo the Metabolic Advantage of Tumors
4.1. A Possible Reset of the Metabolic Rewiring Mechanism in Cancer
4.2. Cutting the Ketone Influx
4.3. Cutting the SCOT-ACAT1 Ketolytic Steps
4.4. Possible Compounds for Inhibiting SCOT
4.5. Compounds Affecting ACAT1
4.6. Compounds Acting down Stream of SCOT-ACAT1
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Israël, M.; Berg, E.; Tenenbaum, G. Cancer Metabolism: Fasting Reset, the Keto-Paradox and Drugs for Undoing. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041589
Israël M, Berg E, Tenenbaum G. Cancer Metabolism: Fasting Reset, the Keto-Paradox and Drugs for Undoing. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(4):1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041589
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsraël, Maurice, Eric Berg, and Guy Tenenbaum. 2023. "Cancer Metabolism: Fasting Reset, the Keto-Paradox and Drugs for Undoing" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4: 1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041589