Current Trends in Volume and Surgical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer
Abstract
:1. State of Art
2. Centralization
3. Predictors for Good Quality of Care
3.1. Hospital Volume
3.2. Surgeon Volume
3.3. Textbook Outcome
- (1)
- Complete, potentially curative, resection as judged by the surgeon at the time of surgery;
- (2)
- No intraoperative complication;
- (3)
- Negative resection margin;
- (4)
- Greater than 15 lymph nodes sampled;
- (5)
- No severe postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade II or higher);
- (6)
- No re-intervention (surgical, endoscopic, or radiological) ≤30 days after surgery;
- (7)
- No unplanned ICU or medium-care unit (MCU) admission ≤30 days after surgery;
- (8)
- Duration of stay not exceeding 21 days;
- (9)
- No 30-day readmission;
- (10)
- No 30-day mortality following surgery.
4. European Recommendations
- (1)
- The definition should be based on disease (i.e., pancreatic cancer) or on organ systems (i.e., complex HPB diseases) rather than a procedure (i.e., esophagectomy or pancreatectomy);
- (2)
- Planning is based on a minimum number of cases per center and well distributed among the various regions, taking into account the demographic and cultural specificities of a country;
- (3)
- Planning should include at least two centers per country to secure choice and competition (except for small countries and very rare diseases);
- (4)
- Adequate resources must be ensured with an appropriate assessment of the available infrastructure and personnel;
- (5)
- Centers must offer fully functioning multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) of specialists able to deal with all aspects of the diseases throughout the year;
- (6)
- Adequate care and follow-up are ensured by the presence of the centers connected to a network of hospitals;
- (7)
- Centralization specifications must be legally applied for adherence to the specifications applied locally and regionally and for private and non-private hospitals;
- (8)
- The centralization process must be accompanied by mainstream media activities to ensure adequate public awareness;
- (9)
- Centers are required to have an externally verified database, to be actively involved in clinical studies (including RCTs), and should be supported to contribute to laboratory research;
- (10)
- Quality control must be accompanied by international benchmark comparative studies;
- (11)
- Equal accessibility to centralized healthcare should be monitored;
- (12)
- Centers are expected to participate in surgical training and provide specialized training, as well as rotation of general surgeons [132].
5. Italian Perspective
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Fock, K.M. Review Article: The Epidemiology and Prevention of Gastric Cancer. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2014, 40, 250–260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2018 (5th Edition). Gastric Cancer 2021, 24, 1–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- De Manzoni, G.; Marrelli, D.; Baiocchi, G.L.; Morgagni, P.; Saragoni, L.; Degiuli, M.; Donini, A.; Fumagalli, U.; Mazzei, M.A.; Pacelli, F.; et al. The Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer (GIRCG) Guidelines for Gastric Cancer Staging and Treatment: 2015. Gastric Cancer 2017, 20, 20–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Degiuli, M.; De Manzoni, G.; Di Leo, A.; D’Ugo, D.; Galasso, E.; Marrelli, D.; Petrioli, R.; Polom, K.; Roviello, F.; Santullo, F.; et al. Gastric Cancer: Current Status of Lymph Node Dissection. World J. Gastroenterol. 2016, 22, 2875. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Marano, L.; Marrelli, D.; Roviello, F. Focus on Research: Nodal Dissection for Gastric Cancer-A Dilemma Worthy of King Solomon! Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016, 42, 1623–1624. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ohdaira, H.; Nimura, H.; Mitsumori, N.; Takahashi, N.; Kashiwagi, H.; Yanaga, K. Validity of Modified Gastrectomy Combined with Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery for Early Gastric Cancer. Gastric Cancer 2007, 10, 117–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- D’Antonio, A.; Addesso, M.; Memoli, D.; Liguori, P.; Cuomo, R.; Boscaino, A.; Nappi, O. Lymph Node-Based Disease and HHV-8/KSHV Infection in HIV Seronegative Patients: Report of Three New Cases of a Heterogeneous Group of Diseases. Int. J. Hematol. 2011, 93, 795–801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Russi, S.; Marano, L.; Laurino, S.; Calice, G.; Scala, D.; Marino, G.; Sgambato, A.; Mazzone, P.; Carbone, L.; Napolitano, G.; et al. Gene Regulatory Network Characterization of Gastric Cancer’s Histological Subtypes: Distinctive Biological and Clinically Relevant Master Regulators. Cancers 2022, 14, 4961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network; Thorsson, V.; Shmulevich, I.; Reynolds, S.M.; Miller, M.; Bernard, B.; Hinoue, T.; Laird, P.W.; Curtis, C.; Shen, H.; et al. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Nature 2014, 513, 202–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cristescu, R.; Lee, J.; Nebozhyn, M.; Kim, K.-M.; Ting, J.C.; Wong, S.S.; Liu, J.; Yue, Y.G.; Wang, J.; Yu, K.; et al. Molecular Analysis of Gastric Cancer Identifies Subtypes Associated with Distinct Clinical Outcomes. Nat. Med. 2015, 21, 449–456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, G.; Hu, N.; Yang, H.H.; Wang, L.; Su, H.; Wang, C.; Clifford, R.; Dawsey, E.M.; Li, J.-M.; Ding, T.; et al. Comparison of Global Gene Expression of Gastric Cardia and Noncardia Cancers from a High-Risk Population in China. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e63826. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; McCleland, M.; Stawiski, E.W.; Gnad, F.; Mayba, O.; Haverty, P.M.; Durinck, S.; Chen, Y.-J.; Klijn, C.; Jhunjhunwala, S.; et al. Integrated Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals ZAK Isoform Usage in Gastric Cancer. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Roviello, F.; Marano, L.; Ambrosio, M.R.; Resca, L.; D’Ignazio, A.; Petrelli, F.; Petrioli, R.; Costantini, M.; Polom, K.; Macchiarelli, R.; et al. Signet Ring Cell Percentage in Poorly Cohesive Gastric Cancer Patients: A Potential Novel Predictor of Survival. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2022, 48, 561–569. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marano, L.; Ambrosio, M.R.; Resca, L.; Carbone, L.; Carpineto Samorani, O.; Petrioli, R.; Savelli, V.; Costantini, M.; Malaspina, L.; Polom, K.; et al. The Percentage of Signet Ring Cells Is Inversely Related to Aggressive Behavior and Poor Prognosis in Mixed-Type Gastric Cancer. Front. Oncol. 2022, 12, 897218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, H.-H.; Han, S.-U.; Kim, M.-C.; Hyung, W.J.; Kim, W.; Lee, H.-J.; Ryu, S.W.; Cho, G.S.; Song, K.Y.; Ryu, S.Y. Long-Term Results of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Large-Scale Case-Control and Case-Matched Korean Multicenter Study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014, 32, 627–633. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Polom, W.; Markuszewski, M.; Rho, Y.S.; Matuszewski, M. Use of Invisible near Infrared Light Fluorescence with Indocyanine Green and Methylene Blue in Urology. Part 2. Cent. Eur. J. Urol. 2014, 67, 310–313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Voyant, C.; Julian, D.; Roustit, R.; Biffi, K.; Lantieri, C. Biological Effects and Equivalent Doses in Radiotherapy: A Software Solution. Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother. 2014, 19, 47–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Polom, K.; Marano, L.; Marrelli, D.; De Luca, R.; Roviello, G.; Savelli, V.; Tan, P.; Roviello, F. Meta-Analysis of Microsatellite Instability in Relation to Clinicopathological Characteristics and Overall Survival in Gastric Cancer. Br. J. Surg. 2018, 105, 159–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Polom, K.; Marrelli, D.; Pascale, V.; Ferrara, F.; Voglino, C.; Marini, M.; Roviello, F. The Pattern of Lymph Node Metastases in Microsatellite Unstable Gastric Cancer. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017, 43, 2341–2348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Furukawa, K.; Hatakeyama, K.; Terashima, M.; Nagashima, T.; Urakami, K.; Ohshima, K.; Notsu, A.; Sugino, T.; Yagi, T.; Fujiya, K.; et al. Molecular Classification of Gastric Cancer Predicts Survival in Patients Undergoing Radical Gastrectomy Based on Project HOPE. Gastric Cancer 2022, 25, 138–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marano, L.; Fusario, D.; Savelli, V.; Marrelli, D.; Roviello, F. Robotic versus Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Updat. Surg. 2021, 73, 1673–1689. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Marano, L.; Ricci, A.; Savelli, V.; Verre, L.; Di Renzo, L.; Biccari, E.; Costantini, G.; Marrelli, D.; Roviello, F. From Digital World to Real Life: A Robotic Approach to the Esophagogastric Junction with a 3D Printed Model. BMC Surg. 2019, 19, 153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Verlato, G.; Roviello, F.; Marchet, A.; Giacopuzzi, S.; Marrelli, D.; Nitti, D.; de Manzoni, G. Indexes of Surgical Quality in Gastric Cancer Surgery: Experience of an Italian Network. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2009, 16, 594–602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sant, M.; Allemani, C.; Santaquilani, M.; Knijn, A.; Marchesi, F.; Capocaccia, R.; EUROCARE Working Group EUROCARE-4. Survival of Cancer Patients Diagnosed in 1995–1999. Results and Commentary. Eur. J. Cancer 2009, 45, 931–991. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dikken, J.L.; Stiekema, J.; van de Velde, C.J.H.; Verheij, M.; Cats, A.; Wouters, M.W.J.M.; van Sandick, J.W. Quality of Care Indicators for the Surgical Treatment of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2013, 20, 381–398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lepage, C.; Sant, M.; Verdecchia, A.; Forman, D.; Esteve, J.; Faivre, J. Operative Mortality after Gastric Cancer Resection and Long-Term Survival Differences across Europe. Br. J. Surg. 2010, 97, 235–239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peeters, K.C.M.J.; van de Velde, C.J.H. Quality Assurance of Surgery in Gastric and Rectal Cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 2004, 51, 105–119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luft, H.S.; Bunker, J.P.; Enthoven, A.C. Should Operations Be Regionalized? N. Engl. J. Med. 1979, 301, 1364–1369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chowdhury, M.M.; Dagash, H.; Pierro, A. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Volume of Surgery and Specialization on Patient Outcome. Br. J. Surg. 2007, 94, 145–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Busweiler, L.A.D.; Dikken, J.L.; Henneman, D.; van Berge Henegouwen, M.I.; Ho, V.K.Y.; Tollenaar, R.A.E.M.; Wouters, M.W.J.M.; van Sandick, J.W. The Influence of a Composite Hospital Volume on Outcomes for Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Dutch Population-based Study. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017, 115, 738–745. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Birkmeyer, J.D.; Sun, Y.; Wong, S.L.; Stukel, T.A. Hospital Volume and Late Survival after Cancer Surgery. Ann. Surg. 2007, 245, 777–783. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Institute of Medicine (US); National Research Council (US) National Cancer Policy Board. Ensuring Quality Cancer Care; National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1999; ISBN 978-0-309-06480-4. [Google Scholar]
- Birkmeyer, J.D.; Dimick, J.B. Potential Benefits of the New Leapfrog Standards: Effect of Process and Outcomes Measures. Surgery 2004, 135, 569–575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dixon, M.; Mahar, A.; Paszat, L.; McLeod, R.; Law, C.; Swallow, C.; Helyer, L.; Seeveratnam, R.; Cardoso, R.; Bekaii-Saab, T.; et al. What Provider Volumes and Characteristics Are Appropriate for Gastric Cancer Resection? Results of an International RAND/UCLA Expert Panel. Surgery 2013, 154, 1100–1109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choi, H.; Yang, S.-Y.; Cho, H.-S.; Kim, W.; Park, E.-C.; Han, K.-T. Mortality Differences by Surgical Volume among Patients with Stomach Cancer: A Threshold for a Favorable Volume-Outcome Relationship. World J. Surg. Oncol. 2017, 15, 134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bilimoria, K.Y.; Bentrem, D.J.; Feinglass, J.M.; Stewart, A.K.; Winchester, D.P.; Talamonti, M.S.; Ko, C.Y. Directing Surgical Quality Improvement Initiatives: Comparison of Perioperative Mortality and Long-Term Survival for Cancer Surgery. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008, 26, 4626–4633. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gabriel, E.; Narayanan, S.; Attwood, K.; Hochwald, S.; Kukar, M.; Nurkin, S. Disparities in Major Surgery for Esophagogastric Cancer among Hospitals by Case Volume. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 2018, 9, 503–516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jensen, L.S.; Nielsen, H.; Mortensen, P.B.; Pilegaard, H.K.; Johnsen, S.P. Enforcing Centralization for Gastric Cancer in Denmark. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. (EJSO) 2010, 36, S50–S54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Claassen, Y.H.M.; van Sandick, J.W.; Hartgrink, H.H.; Dikken, J.L.; De Steur, W.O.; van Grieken, N.C.T.; Boot, H.; Cats, A.; Trip, A.K.; Jansen, E.P.M.; et al. Association between Hospital Volume and Quality of Gastric Cancer Surgery in the CRITICS Trial. Br. J. Surg. 2018, 105, 728–735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Callahan, M.A.; Christos, P.J.; Gold, H.T.; Mushlin, A.I.; Daly, J.M. Influence of Surgical Subspecialty Training on In-Hospital Mortality for Gastrectomy and Colectomy Patients. Ann. Surg. 2003, 238, 629–636, discussion 636–639. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, D.L.; Elting, L.S.; Learn, P.A.; Raut, C.P.; Mansfield, P.F. Factors Influencing the Volume-Outcome Relationship in Gastrectomies: A Population-Based Study. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2007, 14, 1846–1852. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ju, M.R.; Blackwell, J.-M.; Zeh, H.J.; Yopp, A.C.; Wang, S.C.; Porembka, M.R. Redefining High-Volume Gastric Cancer Centers: The Impact of Operative Volume on Surgical Outcomes. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2021, 28, 4839–4847. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hannan, E.L.; Radzyner, M.; Rubin, D.; Dougherty, J.; Brennan, M.F. The Influence of Hospital and Surgeon Volume on In-Hospital Mortality for Colectomy, Gastrectomy, and Lung Lobectomy in Patients with Cancer. Surgery 2002, 131, 6–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghaferi, A.A.; Birkmeyer, J.D.; Dimick, J.B. Complications, Failure to Rescue, and Mortality with Major Inpatient Surgery in Medicare Patients. Ann. Surg. 2009, 250, 1029–1034. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sabesan, A.; Petrelli, N.J.; Bennett, J.J. Outcomes of gastric cancer resections performed in a high volume community cancer center. Surgical oncology. Surg. Oncol. 2015, 24, 16–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brar, S.S.; Mahar, A.L.; Helyer, L.K.; Swallow, C.; Law, C.; Paszat, L.; Seevaratnam, R.; Cardoso, R.; McLeod, R.; Dixon, M.; et al. Processes of Care in the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Gastric Cancer: Results of a RAND/UCLA Expert Panel. JAMA Surg. 2014, 149, 18–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- DICA Jaarrapportage 2014-DUCA. Available online: https://dica.nl/jaarrapportage-2014/duca.html (accessed on 1 December 2019).
- Amato, L.; Fusco, D.; Acampora, A.; Bontempi, K.; Rosa, A.C.; Colais, P.; Cruciani, F.; D’Ovidio, M.; Mataloni, F.; Minozzi, S.; et al. Volume and Health Outcomes: Evidence from Systematic Reviews and from Evaluation of Italian Hospital Data. Epidemiol. Prev. 2013, 41, 1–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Geraedts, M.; de Cruppé, W.; Blum, K.; Ohmann, C. Implementation and Effects of Germany’s Minimum Volume Regulations: Results of the Accompanying Research. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 2008, 105, 890–896. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mamidanna, R.; Ni, Z.; Anderson, O.; Spiegelhalter, S.D.; Bottle, A.; Aylin, P.; Faiz, O.; Hanna, G.B. Surgeon Volume and Cancer Esophagectomy, Gastrectomy, and Pancreatectomy: A Population-Based Study in England. Ann. Surg. 2016, 263, 727–732. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dikken, J.L.; Dassen, A.E.; Lemmens, V.E.P.; Putter, H.; Krijnen, P.; van der Geest, L.; Bosscha, K.; Verheij, M.; van de Velde, C.J.H.; Wouters, M.W.J.M. Effect of Hospital Volume on Postoperative Mortality and Survival after Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer Surgery in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2009. Eur. J. Cancer. 2012, 48, 1004–1013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Langer, B. Role of Volume Outcome Data in Assuring Quality in HPB Surgery. HPB 2007, 9, 330–334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Modrall, J.G.; Minter, R.M.; Minhajuddin, A.; Eslava-Schmalbach, J.; Joshi, G.P.; Patel, S.; Rosero, E.B. The Surgeon Volume-Outcome Relationship. Ann. Surg. 2018, 267, 863–867. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balentine, C.J.; Naik, A.D.; Robinson, C.N.; Petersen, N.J.; Chen, G.J.; Berger, D.H.; Anaya, D.A. Association of High-Volume Hospitals with Greater Likelihood of Discharge to Home Following Colorectal Surgery. JAMA Surg. 2014, 149, 244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sutton, J.M.; Hoehn, R.S.; Ertel, A.E.; Wilson, G.C.; Hanseman, D.J.; Wima, K.; Sussman, J.J.; Ahmad, S.A.; Shah, S.A.; Abbott, D.E. Cost-Effectiveness in Hepatic Lobectomy: The Effect of Case Volume on Mortality, Readmission, and Cost of Care. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2016, 20, 253–261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gourin, C.G.; Stewart, C.M.; Frick, K.D.; Fakhry, C.; Pitman, K.T.; Eisele, D.W.; Austin, J.M. Association of Hospital Volume with Laryngectomy Outcomes in Patients with Larynx Cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2019, 145, 62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Odagiri, H.; Yasunaga, H.; Matsui, H.; Matsui, S.; Fushimi, K.; Kaise, M. Hospital Volume and Adverse Events Following Esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Japan. Endoscopy 2016, 49, 321–326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borowski, D.W.; Bradburn, D.M.; Mills, S.J.; Bharathan, B.; Wilson, R.G.; Ratcliffe, A.A.; Kelly, S.B. Volume–Outcome Analysis of Colorectal Cancer-Related Outcomes. Br. J. Surg. 2010, 97, 1416–1430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van der Werf, L.R.; Cords, C.; Arntz, I.; Belt, E.J.T.; Cherepanin, I.M.; Coene, P.-P.L.O.; van der Harst, E.; Heisterkamp, J.; Langenhoff, B.S.; Lamme, B.; et al. Population-Based Study on Risk Factors for Tumor-Positive Resection Margins in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2019, 26, 2222–2233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Levaillant, M.; Marcilly, R.; Levaillant, L.; Michel, P.; Hamel-Broza, J.-F.; Vallet, B.; Lamer, A. Assessing the Hospital Volume-Outcome Relationship in Surgery: A Scoping Review. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 2021, 21, 204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, W.; Wolff, S.; Ho, V. Measuring the Volume-Outcome Relation for Complex Hospital Surgery. Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy 2016, 14, 453–464. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Baiocchi, G.L.; Giacopuzzi, S.; Marrelli, D.; Reim, D.; Piessen, G.; Matos da Costa, P.; Reynolds, J.V.; Meyer, H.-J.; Morgagni, P.; Gockel, I.; et al. International Consensus on a Complications List after Gastrectomy for Cancer. Gastric Cancer 2019, 22, 172–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kim, Y.-I.; Lee, J.Y.; Khalayleh, H.; Kim, C.G.; Yoon, H.M.; Kim, S.J.; Yang, H.; Ryu, K.W.; Choi, I.J.; Kim, Y.-W. Efficacy of Endoscopic Management for Anastomotic Leakage after Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Surg. Endosc. 2022, 36, 2896–2905. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Messager, M.; Warlaumont, M.; Renaud, F.; Marin, H.; Branche, J.; Piessen, G.; Mariette, C. Recent Improvements in the Management of Esophageal Anastomotic Leak after Surgery for Cancer. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. (EJSO) 2017, 43, 258–269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fulop, N.J.; Ramsay, A.I.G.; Vindrola-Padros, C.; Aitchison, M.; Boaden, R.J.; Brinton, V.; Clarke, C.S.; Hines, J.; Hunter, R.M.; Levermore, C.; et al. Reorganising Specialist Cancer Surgery for the Twenty-First Century: A Mixed Methods Evaluation (RESPECT-21). Implement. Sci. 2016, 11, 155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Melnychuk, M.; Vindrola-Padros, C.; Aitchison, M.; Clarke, C.S.; Fulop, N.J.; Levermore, C.; Maddineni, S.B.; Moore, C.M.; Mughal, M.M.; Perry, C.; et al. Centralising Specialist Cancer Surgery Services in England: Survey of Factors That Matter to Patients and Carers and Health Professionals. BMC Cancer 2018, 18, 226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hu, H.-T.; Ma, F.-H.; Xiong, J.-P.; Li, Y.; Jin, P.; Liu, H.; Ma, S.; Kang, W.-Z.; Tian, Y.-T. Laparoscopic vs. Open Total Gastrectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. World J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2022, 14, 161–173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, C.; Liu, H.; Hu, Y.; Sun, Y.; Su, X.; Cao, H.; Hu, J.; Wang, K.; Suo, J.; Tao, K.; et al. Laparoscopic vs. Open Distal Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: Five-Year Outcomes From the CLASS-01 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2022, 157, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Son, S.-Y.; Hur, H.; Hyung, W.J.; Park, Y.-K.; Lee, H.-J.; An, J.Y.; Kim, W.; Kim, H.-I.; Kim, H.-H.; Ryu, S.W.; et al. Laparoscopic vs. Open Distal Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: 5-Year Outcomes of the KLASS-02 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2022, 157, 879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Collins, J.W.; Ghazi, A.; Stoyanov, D.; Hung, A.; Coleman, M.; Cecil, T.; Ericsson, A.; Anvari, M.; Wang, Y.; Beaulieu, Y.; et al. Utilising an Accelerated Delphi Process to Develop Guidance and Protocols for Telepresence Applications in Remote Robotic Surgery Training. Eur. Urol. Open Sci. 2020, 22, 23–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rokni, L.; Yun, J.-Y. Healthcare Mobility between East and West, Two Forthcoming Challenges. Iran J. Public Health 2017, 46, 1437–1439. [Google Scholar]
- Marano, L.; Carbone, L.; Poto, G.E.; Restaino, V.; Piccioni, S.A.; Verre, L.; Roviello, F.; Marrelli, D. Extended Lymphadenectomy for Gastric Cancer in the Neoadjuvant Era: Current Status, Clinical Implications and Contentious Issues. Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30, 875–896. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thompson, A.M.; Rapson, T.; Gilbert, F.J.; Park, K.G.M. Hospital Volume Does Not Influence Long-Term Survival of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Oesophageal or Gastric Cancer. Br. J. Surg. 2007, 94, 578–584. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chan, D.S.Y.; Reid, T.D.; White, C.; Willicombe, A.; Blackshaw, G.; Clark, G.W.; Havard, T.J.; Escofet, X.; Crosby, T.D.L.; Roberts, S.A.; et al. Influence of a Regional Centralised Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Service Model on Patient Safety, Quality of Care and Survival. Clin. Oncol. R Coll. Radiol. 2013, 25, 719–725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boddy, A.P.; Williamson, J.M.L.; Vipond, M.N. The Effect of Centralisation on the Outcomes of Oesophagogastric Surgery—A Fifteen Year Audit. Int. J. Surg. 2012, 10, 360–363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Coupland, V.H.; Lagergren, J.; Lüchtenborg, M.; Jack, R.H.; Allum, W.; Holmberg, L.; Hanna, G.B.; Pearce, N.; Møller, H. Hospital Volume, Proportion Resected and Mortality from Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer: A Population-Based Study in England, 2004–2008. Gut 2013, 62, 961–966. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nelen, S.D.; Heuthorst, L.; Verhoeven, R.H.A.; Polat, F.; Kruyt, P.M.; Reijnders, K.; Ferenschild, F.T.J.; Bonenkamp, J.J.; Rutter, J.E.; de Wilt, J.H.W.; et al. Impact of Centralizing Gastric Cancer Surgery on Treatment, Morbidity, and Mortality. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2017, 21, 2000–2008. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Degiuli, M.; Sasako, M.; Ponti, A. Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group Morbidity and Mortality in the Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group Randomized Clinical Trial of D1 versus D2 Resection for Gastric Cancer. Br. J. Surg. 2010, 97, 643–649. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Evrard, S.; Audisio, R.; Poston, G.; Caballero, C.; Kataoka, K.; Fontein, D.; Collette, L.; Nakamura, K.; Fukuda, H.; Lacombe, D. From a Comic Opera to Surcare an Open Letter to Whom Clinical Research in Surgery Is a Concern: Announcing the Launch of SURCARE. Ann. Surg. 2016, 264, 911–912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tanis, E.; Caballero, C.; Collette, L.; Verleye, L.; den Dulk, M.; Lacombe, D.; Schuhmacher, C.; Werutsky, G. The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer (EORTC) Strategy for Quality Assurance in Surgical Clinical Research: Assessment of the Past and Moving towards the Future. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016, 42, 1115–1122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, J.G.C. Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2014 (Ver. 4). Gastric Cancer 2017, 20, 1–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhang, K.C.; Chen, L. Emphasis on Standardization of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Gastric Cancer. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018, 56, 262–264. [Google Scholar]
- Papenfuss, W.A.; Kukar, M.; Oxenberg, J.; Attwood, K.; Nurkin, S.; Malhotra, U.; Wilkinson, N.W. Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2014, 21, 3008–3014. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Available online: https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/data-and-registries/acs-nsqip/ (accessed on 7 November 2022).
- Boccardi, V.; Marano, L. The Geriatric Surgery: The Importance of Frailty Identification Beyond Chronological Age. Geriatrics 2020, 5, 12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Marano, L.; Carbone, L.; Poto, G.E.; Gambelli, M.; Nguefack Noudem, L.L.; Grassi, G.; Manasci, F.; Curreri, G.; Giuliani, A.; Piagnerelli, R.; et al. Handgrip Strength Predicts Length of Hospital Stay in an Abdominal Surgical Setting: The Role of Frailty beyond Age. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2022, 34, 811–817. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Siriwardena, A.K. Centralisation of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 2007, 89, 335–336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Mesman, R.; Westert, G.P.; Berden, B.J.M.M.; Faber, M.J. Why Do High-Volume Hospitals Achieve Better Outcomes? A Systematic Review about Intermediate Factors in Volume-Outcome Relationships. Health Policy 2015, 119, 1055–1067. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Halm, E.A.; Lee, C.; Chassin, M.R. Is Volume Related to Outcome in Health Care? A Systematic Review and Methodologic Critique of the Literature. Ann. Intern. Med. 2002, 137, 511–520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Finlayson, S.R.G. The Volume-Outcome Debate Revisited. Am. Surg. 2006, 72, 1038–1042, discussion 1061–1069, 1133–1148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Vliet, E.P.M.; Hermans, J.J.; De Wever, W.; Eijkemans, M.J.C.; Steyerberg, E.W.; Faasse, C.; van Helmond, E.P.M.; de Leeuw, A.M.; Sikkenk, A.C.; de Vries, A.R.; et al. Radiologist Experience and CT Examination Quality Determine Metastasis Detection in Patients with Esophageal or Gastric Cardia Cancer. Eur. Radiol. 2008, 18, 2475–2484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Pronovost, P.J.; Angus, D.C.; Dorman, T.; Robinson, K.A.; Dremsizov, T.T.; Young, T.L. Physician Staffing Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2002, 288, 2151–2162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Needleman, J.; Buerhaus, P.; Mattke, S.; Stewart, M.; Zelevinsky, K. Nurse-Staffing Levels and the Quality of Care in Hospitals. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 346, 1715–1722. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghaferi, A.A.; Birkmeyer, J.D.; Dimick, J.B. Hospital Volume and Failure to Rescue with High-Risk Surgery. Med. Care 2011, 49, 1076–1081. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koëter, M.; van Steenbergen, L.N.; Lemmens, V.E.P.P.; Rutten, H.J.T.; Roukema, J.A.; Wijnhoven, B.P.L.; Nieuwenhuijzen, G.A.P. Hospital of Diagnosis and Probability to Receive a Curative Treatment for Oesophageal Cancer. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014, 40, 1338–1345. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Svederud, I.; Virhage, M.; Medin, E.; Grundström, J.; Friberg, S.; Ramsberg, J. Patient Perspectives on Centralisation of Low Volume, Highly Specialised Procedures in Sweden. Health Policy 2015, 119, 1068–1075. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vallejo-Torres, L.; Melnychuk, M.; Vindrola-Padros, C.; Aitchison, M.; Clarke, C.S.; Fulop, N.J.; Hines, J.; Levermore, C.; Maddineni, S.B.; Perry, C.; et al. Discrete-Choice Experiment to Analyse Preferences for Centralizing Specialist Cancer Surgery Services. Br. J. Surg. 2018, 105, 587–596. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Choi, Y.Y.; Cheong, J.H. Beyond precision surgery: Molecularly motivated precision care for gastric cancer. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017, 43, 856–864. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Finlayson, E.V.A. Hospital Volume and Operative Mortality in Cancer Surgery. Arch. Surg. 2003, 138, 721. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Learn, P.A.; Bach, P.B. A Decade of Mortality Reductions in Major Oncologic Surgery: The Impact of Centralization and Quality Improvement. Med. Care 2010, 48, 1041–1049. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, J.K.; McPhee, J.T.; Hill, J.S.; Whalen, G.F.; Sullivan, M.E.; Litwin, D.E.; Anderson, F.A.; Tseng, J.F. National Outcomes after Gastric Resection for Neoplasm. Arch. Surg. 2007, 142, 387–393. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Van Putten, M.; Nelen, S.D.; Lemmens, V.E.P.P.; Stoot, J.H.M.B.; Hartgrink, H.H.; Gisbertz, S.S.; Spillenaar Bilgen, E.J.; Heisterkamp, J.; Verhoeven, R.H.A.; Nieuwenhuijzen, G.A.P. Overall Survival before and after Centralization of Gastric Cancer Surgery in the Netherlands. Br. J. Surg. 2018, 105, 1807–1815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Claassen, Y.H.M.; van Amelsfoort, R.M.; Hartgrink, H.H.; Dikken, J.L.; de Steur, W.O.; van Sandick, J.W.; van Grieken, N.C.T.; Cats, A.; Boot, H.; Trip, A.K.; et al. Effect of Hospital Volume with Respect to Performing Gastric Cancer Resection on Recurrence and Survival. Ann. Surg. 2019, 270, 1096–1102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Agnes, A.; Lorenzon, L.; Belia, F.; Biondi, A.; D’Ugo, D. Impact of Hospital and Surgeon Volume on the Outcomes of Gastric Cancer Surgery. In Gastric Cancer: The 25-Year R-Evolution; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2021; pp. 127–136. ISBN 978-3-030-73157-1. [Google Scholar]
- Diers, J.; Baum, P.; Wagner, J.C.; Matthes, H.; Pietryga, S.; Baumann, N.; Uttinger, K.; Germer, C.-T.; Wiegering, A. Hospital Volume Following Major Surgery for Gastric Cancer Determines In-Hospital Mortality Rate and Failure to Rescue: A Nation-Wide Study Based on German Billing Data (2009–2017). Gastric Cancer 2021, 24, 959–969. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fischer, C.; Lingsma, H.; Klazinga, N.; Hardwick, R.; Cromwell, D.; Steyerberg, E.; Groene, O. Volume-Outcome Revisited: The Effect of Hospital and Surgeon Volumes on Multiple Outcome Measures in Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Surgery. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0183955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nimptsch, U.; Haist, T.; Gockel, I.; Mansky, T.; Lorenz, D. Complex Gastric Surgery in Germany—Is Centralization Beneficial? Observational Study Using National Hospital Discharge Data. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 2019, 404, 93–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wu, J.-M.; Ho, T.-W.; Tien, Y.-W. Correlation Between the Increased Hospital Volume and Decreased Overall Perioperative Mortality in One Universal Health Care System. World J. Surg. 2019, 43, 2194–2202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pasquer, A.; Renaud, F.; Hec, F.; Gandon, A.; Vanderbeken, M.; Drubay, V.; Caranhac, G.; Piessen, G.; Mariette, C. FREGAT Working GroupFRENCH Is Centralization Needed for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Patients with Low Operative Risk? Ann. Surg. 2016, 264, 823–830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Iwatsuki, M.; Yamamoto, H.; Miyata, H.; Kakeji, Y.; Yoshida, K.; Konno, H.; Seto, Y.; Baba, H. Effect of Hospital and Surgeon Volume on Postoperative Outcomes after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer Based on Data from 145,523 Japanese Patients Collected from a Nationwide Web-Based Data Entry System. Gastric Cancer 2019, 22, 190–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Marano, L.; Carbone, L.; Poto, G.E.; Calomino, N.; Neri, A.; Piagnerelli, R.; Fontani, A.; Verre, L.; Savelli, V.; Roviello, F.; et al. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Reduces the Rate of Surgical Site Infection in Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Iwatsuki, M.; Yamamoto, H.; Miyata, H.; Kakeji, Y.; Yoshida, K.; Konno, H.; Seto, Y.; Baba, H. Association of Surgeon and Hospital Volume with Postoperative Mortality after Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: Data from 71,307 Japanese Patients Collected from a Nationwide Web-Based Data Entry System. Gastric Cancer 2021, 24, 526–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diaconis, P.; Mosteller, F. Methods for Studying Coincidences; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1989; pp. 853–961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mehta, A.; Efron, D.T.; Canner, J.K.; Dultz, L.; Xu, T.; Jones, C.; Haut, E.R.; Higgins, R.S.D.; Sakran, J.V. Effect of Surgeon and Hospital Volume on Emergency General Surgery Outcomes. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2017, 225, 666–675.e2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liang, Y.; Wu, L.; Wang, X.; Ding, X.; Liang, H. The Positive Impact of Surgeon Specialization on Survival for Gastric Cancer Patients after Surgery with Curative Intent. Gastric Cancer 2015, 18, 859–867. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bachmann, M.O.; Alderson, D.; Edwards, D.; Wotton, S.; Bedford, C.; Peters, T.J.; Harvey, I.M. Cohort Study in South and West England of the Influence of Specialization on the Management and Outcome of Patients with Oesophageal and Gastric Cancers. Br. J. Surg. 2002, 89, 914–922. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Parikh, D.; Johnson, M.; Chagla, L.; Lowe, D.; McCulloch, P. D2 Gastrectomy: Lessons from a Prospective Audit of the Learning Curve. Br. J. Surg. 2005, 83, 1595–1599. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Degiuli, M.; Sasako, M.; Calgaro, M.; Garino, M.; Rebecchi, F.; Mineccia, M.; Scaglione, D.; Andreone, D.; Ponti, A.; Calvo, F. Morbidity and Mortality after D1 and D2 Gastrectomy for Cancer: Interim Analysis of the Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group (IGCSG) Randomised Surgical Trial. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. (EJSO) 2004, 30, 303–308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luna, A.; Rebasa, P.; Montmany, S.; Navarro, S. Learning Curve for D2 Lymphadenectomy in Gastric Cancer. ISRN Surg. 2013, 2013, 508719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brenkman, H.J.F.; Ruurda, J.P.; Verhoeven, R.H.A.; van Hillegersberg, R. Safety and Feasibility of Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy during the Early Introduction in the Netherlands: Short-Term Oncological Outcomes Comparable to Open Gastrectomy. Gastric Cancer 2017, 20, 853–860. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, H.H.; Son, S.-Y.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, M.G.; Hur, H.; Park, D.J. Surgeon’s Experience Overrides the Effect of Hospital Volume for Postoperative Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery in Gastric Cancer: Multi-Institutional Study. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2017, 24, 1010–1017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Urbach, D.R.; Baxter, N.N. Does It Matter What a Hospital Is “High Volume” for? Specificity of Hospital Volume-Outcome Associations for Surgical Procedures: Analysis of Administrative Data. BMJ 2004, 328, 737–740. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ji, J.; Shi, L.; Ying, X.; Lu, X.; Shan, F. Associations of Annual Hospital and Surgeon Volume with Patient Outcomes After Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2022, 29, 8276–8297. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van der Hage, J.; Sandrucci, S.; Audisio, R.; Wyld, L.; Søreide, K.; Amaral, T.; Audisio, R.; Bahadoer, V.; Beets, G.; Benstead, K.; et al. The ESSO Core Curriculum Committee Update on Surgical Oncology. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2021, 47, e1–e30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jha, A.K. Back to the Future: Volume as a Quality Metric. JAMA 2015, 314, 214–215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Busweiler, L.A.D.; Schouwenburg, M.G.; van Berge Henegouwen, M.I.; Kolfschoten, N.E.; de Jong, P.C.; Rozema, T.; Wijnhoven, B.P.L.; van Hillegersberg, R.; Wouters, M.W.J.M.; van Sandick, J.W.; et al. Textbook Outcome as a Composite Measure in Oesophagogastric Cancer Surgery. Br. J. Surg. 2017, 104, 742–750. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Messager, M.; de Steur, W.O.; van Sandick, J.W.; Reynolds, J.; Pera, M.; Mariette, C.; Hardwick, R.H.; Bastiaannet, E.; Boelens, P.G.; van deVelde, C.J.H.; et al. Variations among 5 European Countries for Curative Treatment of Resectable Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer: A Survey from the EURECCA Upper GI Group (EUropean REgistration of Cancer CAre). Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016, 42, 116–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Van der Kaaij, R.T.; de Rooij, M.V.; van Coevorden, F.; Voncken, F.E.M.; Snaebjornsson, P.; Boot, H.; van Sandick, J.W. Using Textbook Outcome as a Measure of Quality of Care in Oesophagogastric Cancer Surgery. Br. J. Surg. 2018, 105, 561–569. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Van der Werf, L.R.; Wijnhoven, B.P.L.; Fransen, L.F.C.; van Sandick, J.W.; Nieuwenhuijzen, G.A.P.; Busweiler, L.A.D.; van Hillegersberg, R.; Wouters, M.W.J.M.; Luyer, M.D.P.; van Berge Henegouwen, M.I. A National Cohort Study Evaluating the Association Between Short-Term Outcomes and Long-Term Survival After Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Surgery. Ann. Surg. 2019, 270, 868–876. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Levy, J.; Gupta, V.; Amirazodi, E.; Allen-Ayodabo, C.; Jivraj, N.; Jeong, Y.; Davis, L.E.; Mahar, A.L.; De Mestral, C.; Saarela, O.; et al. Gastrectomy Case Volume and Textbook Outcome: An Analysis of the Population Registry of Esophageal and Stomach Tumours of Ontario (PRESTO). Gastric Cancer 2020, 23, 391–402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Levy, J.; Gupta, V.; Amirazodi, E.; Allen-Ayodabo, C.; Jivraj, N.; Jeong, Y.; Davis, L.E.; Mahar, A.L.; De Mestral, C.; Saarela, O.; et al. Textbook Outcome and Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Ann. Surg. 2022, 275, 140–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vonlanthen, R.; Lodge, P.; Barkun, J.S.; Farges, O.; Rogiers, X.; Soreide, K.; Kehlet, H.; Reynolds, J.V.; Käser, S.A.; Naredi, P.; et al. Toward a Consensus on Centralization in Surgery. Ann. Surg. 2018, 268, 712–724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Choi, Y.Y.; Cho, M.; Kwon, I.G.; Son, T.; Kim, H.-I.; Choi, S.H.; Cheong, J.-H.; Hyung, W.J. Ten Thousand Consecutive Gastrectomies for Gastric Cancer: Perspectives of a Master Surgeon. Yonsei Med. J. 2019, 60, 235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lorenzon, L.; Biondi, A.; Agnes, A.; Scrima, O.; Persiani, R.; D’Ugo, D. Quality Over Volume: Modeling Centralization of Gastric Cancer Resections in Italy. J. Gastric Cancer 2022, 22, 35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Birkmeyer, J.D.; Siewers, A.E.; Finlayson, E.V.A.; Stukel, T.A.; Lucas, F.L.; Batista, I.; Welch, H.G.; Wennberg, D.E. Hospital Volume and Surgical Mortality in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 346, 1128–1137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Birkmeyer, J.D.; Stukel, T.A.; Siewers, A.E.; Goodney, P.P.; Wennberg, D.E.; Lucas, F.L. Surgeon Volume and Operative Mortality in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003, 349, 2117–2127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Marano, L.; Verre, L.; Carbone, L.; Poto, G.E.; Fusario, D.; Venezia, D.F.; Calomino, N.; Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, K.; Polom, K.; Marrelli, D.; et al. Current Trends in Volume and Surgical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 2708. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072708
Marano L, Verre L, Carbone L, Poto GE, Fusario D, Venezia DF, Calomino N, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Polom K, Marrelli D, et al. Current Trends in Volume and Surgical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(7):2708. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072708
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarano, Luigi, Luigi Verre, Ludovico Carbone, Gianmario Edoardo Poto, Daniele Fusario, Dario Francesco Venezia, Natale Calomino, Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Karol Polom, Daniele Marrelli, and et al. 2023. "Current Trends in Volume and Surgical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 7: 2708. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072708