Response of Shallow-Water Temperature and Significant Wave Height to Sequential Tropical Cyclones in the Northeast Beibu Gulf
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methodology
2.1. Buoy Observation Data
2.2. Reanalysis Data
2.3. SWAN and ADCIRC Model Data
2.4. Parameter Calculation Method
3. Sea Surface Temperature Response
3.1. Offshore Response
3.2. Nearshore Response
3.3. Sea Surface Temperature Change Mechanism
3.3.1. Heat Flux at the Sea Surface
3.3.2. Ekman Pumping Rate
4. Effective Wave Height Response
4.1. Offshore Response
4.2. Nearshore Response
4.3. Mechanism of Wave Changes
5. Discussion
5.1. Different Responses in Nearshore and Offshore Areas
5.2. Impacts of Sequential Tropical Cyclones
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Temperature (°C) | Wind (m/s) | Net Heat Flux (W/m2) | EPV (×10−4 m/s) | Lag Time (h) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nearshore (buoy station, depth < 20 m) | −2.8 | 15.05 | −418 | 4.0 | 11 |
−3.0 | 18.88 | −535 | 5.8 | 9 | |
Offshore (Central Beibu Gulf basin, CBGB, depth 20~100 m) | −1.6 | 15.46 | −545 | 1.28 | 26 |
−1.2 | 20.14 | −858 | 4.00 | 11 | |
Offshore (Northwest South China, NWSCS, depth > 100 m) | −0.7 | 13.49 | −291 | 1.33 | 28 |
−0.8 | 18.33 | −622 | 3.33 | 29 |
Pre-Lionrock | During Lionrock | After Lionrock (Pre-Kompasu) | During Kompasu | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T (°C) | SWH | T (°C) | SWH | T (°C) | SWH | T (°C) | SWH | |||
(m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | |||||||
Nearshore (Buoy station, depth < 20 m) | 30 | 0.21 | 27.2 | 1.58 | 28.4 | 0.57 | 25.4 | 2.3 | ||
Offshore (Central Beibu Gulf basin, CBGB, depth 20~100 m) | 30 | 1.1 | 28.4 | 3.51 | 28.5 | 0.6 | 27.3 | 5.38 | ||
Offshore (Northwest SCS, NWSCS, depth > 100 m) | 29.5 | 2.2 | 28.8 | 3.59 | 29 | 1.52 | 28.2 | 6.39 | ||
After Kompasu (Pre-Cold Air on the 16th) | During Cold Air on the 16th | After Cold Air on the 16th (Pre-Cold Air on the 22rd) | During-Cold Air on the 22nd | After Cold Air on the 22rd | ||||||
T(°C) | SWH | T(°C) | SWH | T(°C) | SWH | T(°C) | SWH | T(°C) | SWH) | |
(m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | ||||||
Nearshore (Buoy station, depth < 20 m) | 26.6 | 0.24 | 25 | 0.82 | 26.5 | 0.23 | 24.6 | 1.15 | 25.4 | 0.32 |
Offshore (Central Beibu Gulf basin, CBGB, depth 20~100 m) | 27.5 | 1.24 | 27 | 3.1 | 27.5 | 0.17 | 26.4 | 2.33 | 26.8 | 0.38 |
Offshore (Northwest SCS, NWSCS, depth > 100 m) | 28.5 | 1.03 | 28.2 | 4.11 | 28.3 | 0.92 | 27.8 | 3.02 | 27.8 | 1.78 |
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Chen, X.; Xie, L.; Li, M.; Xu, Y.; Wang, Y. Response of Shallow-Water Temperature and Significant Wave Height to Sequential Tropical Cyclones in the Northeast Beibu Gulf. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050790
Chen X, Xie L, Li M, Xu Y, Wang Y. Response of Shallow-Water Temperature and Significant Wave Height to Sequential Tropical Cyclones in the Northeast Beibu Gulf. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(5):790. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050790
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Xiaotong, Lingling Xie, Mingming Li, Ying Xu, and Yulin Wang. 2024. "Response of Shallow-Water Temperature and Significant Wave Height to Sequential Tropical Cyclones in the Northeast Beibu Gulf" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 5: 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050790