Physiological Response of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles to an Acute Stress Challenge: The Impact of Partial and Total Dietary Fishmeal Replacement by an Insect Meal
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ingredients and Experimental Diets
2.2. Ethical Issues
2.3. Acute Stress Challenge and Fish Sampling
2.4. Haematological Parameters
2.5. Plasma Metabolites and Innate Immunity-Related Parameters
2.6. Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Performance
3.2. Haematological Profile
3.3. Plasma Metabolites and Innate Immunity-Related Parameters
3.4. Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity
3.5. Discriminant Analysis
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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dTM | CTRL | TM50 | TM100 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ingredients (%) | ||||
Fishmeal 1 | 40 | 20 | - | |
Defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal | - | 20.5 | 40.4 | |
Soy protein concentrate 2 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | |
Soybean meal 3 | 13 | 13 | 13 | |
Rapeseed meal 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Wheat meal 5 | 16.2 | 15.2 | 14.3 | |
Fish oil 6 | 14.0 | 13.3 | 12.5 | |
Vitamin and mineral premix 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Vitamin C | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Vitamin E | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Monocalcium phosphate | - | 1.0 | 2.0 | |
L-Lysine | - | - | 0.2 | |
L-Threonine | - | - | 0.2 | |
L-Tryptophan | - | - | 0.1 | |
DL-Methionine | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |
Proximate composition (% dry matter (DM) or kJ/kg DM) | ||||
Dry matter | 97.8 | 93.1 | 92.6 | 92.5 |
Crude protein | 71.0 | 46.9 | 47.3 | 47.2 |
Crude fat | 12.1 | 19.7 | 19.8 | 19.0 |
Gross energy | 24.3 | 23.2 | 23.5 | 24.0 |
Ash | 4.8 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 6.3 |
Phosphorus | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
Before Stress | After Stress | Two-Way ANOVA p-Value | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTRL | TM50 | TM100 | CTRL | TM50 | TM100 | Diet | Stress | Diet × Stress | |||
SOD | 78.5 ± 13.2 b | 80.4 ± 12.8 ab | 90.5 ± 1.8 a | 72.2 ± 13.7 b | 83.9 ± 20.3 ab | 87.1 ± 1.8 a | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.45 | ||
CAT | 8.1 ± 2.5 | 6.7 ± 3.4 | 8.6 ± 2.7 | 8.7 ± 1.3 | 9.5 ± 2.7 | 8.5 ± 2.3 | 0.81 | 0.10 | 0.14 | ||
GPx | 196.8 ± 11.7 | 205.8 ± 14.4 | 200.2 ± 3.2 | 197.0 ± 5.6 | 191.3 ± 2.8 | 190.6 ± 2.7 | 0.67 | 0.06 | 0.06 | ||
GST | 54.0 ± 9.9 | 50.7 ± 8.0 | 56.1 ± 13.6 | 56.1 ± 6.9 | 56.3 ± 1.5 | 61.7 ± 15.5 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.84 | ||
GR | 20.5 ± 5.1 | 22.8 ± 6.6 | 23.8 ± 8.4 | 21.6 ± 2.0 | 22.3 ± 4.0 | 22.2 ± 4.6 | 0.47 | 0.84 | 0.71 | ||
LPO | 10.9 ± 4.1 | 9.2 ± 3.9 | 11.0 ± 2.0 | 9.9 ± 3.9 | 13.4 ± 7.4 | 14.8 ± 5.3 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.14 | ||
TAC | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.45 |
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Basto, A.; Peixoto, D.; Machado, M.; Costas, B.; Murta, D.; Valente, L.M.P. Physiological Response of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles to an Acute Stress Challenge: The Impact of Partial and Total Dietary Fishmeal Replacement by an Insect Meal. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050815
Basto A, Peixoto D, Machado M, Costas B, Murta D, Valente LMP. Physiological Response of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles to an Acute Stress Challenge: The Impact of Partial and Total Dietary Fishmeal Replacement by an Insect Meal. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(5):815. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050815
Chicago/Turabian StyleBasto, Ana, Diogo Peixoto, Marina Machado, Benjamin Costas, Daniel Murta, and Luisa M. P. Valente. 2024. "Physiological Response of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles to an Acute Stress Challenge: The Impact of Partial and Total Dietary Fishmeal Replacement by an Insect Meal" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 5: 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050815