J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., Volume 4, Issue 4 (December 2018) – 19 articles

The economies of the industrialized world have become dominated by services. Many manufacturing companies have changed from producing products to providing services. However, many companies still lag behind in this transformation. It is observed that most of the published methodologies are at an advanced level and provide minimal assistance to help managers and especially the managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) who are interested in easy-to-use methodologies for transforming their product range. Therefore, a model that assists the transformation of products into services is proposed, which is at a level that can be directly applied by SMEs. A utility-driven approach is followed to establish the model that consists of seven steps. In the initial steps, a product that is to be servitized is selected and broken down into its utility features and customer barriers. Furthermore, options for increasing utility and reducing barriers are presented such that the overall tangibility of the existing product is reduced. This reduction in tangibility in both physical and psychological dimensions is defined as servitization in the present study. This article presents a practical framework for the transformation of company offerings so that they are gradually adjusted to a service economy. Full article

This study contributes to the understanding of collaborative innovation in online user communities. Aside from providing evidence for the existence of these communities, prior research focused on users’ motivations, backgrounds, and roles at the micro level but largely neglected to examine the effects of individual user activities on joint activities at the community level. By applying a netnographic research design, which is followed by a content analysis step and logistic regression analysis, we explore to what degree different user activities trigger collaborative innovation inside a community. We find two factors inherent to the initial post of a thread, problem complexity and collaboration intention, which explain the probability of collaborative innovation. The likelihood of joint activities is raised significantly if the contribution of a user ranks high on both dimensions. By quantifying collaborative user innovation, we hope to encourage the inclusion of user activities in future policy considerations. Moreover, understanding the effects of individual user activities at the community level may help companies to understand users of technologies better and to identify opportunities for collaboration. Full article

The study was the first attempt to identify the habitat use pattern of red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) around the demilitarized zone (DMZ) by overlapping coordinates with the land cover classification (LCC). Daily habitat use pattern was highly different (P = 0.000) between daytime (06:00–18:00) and nighttime (18:00–06:00). Cranes in Cheolwon used agricultural paddies more frequently in the daytime (P = 0.002), and forest areas at night and this indicated that cranes presumably use rice paddies for feeding and forests for resting, respectively. Cranes night time in Paju used wetlands more often than random expectation based on the available wetland surface area (P = 0.017). This indicated a different habitat use pattern between coastal (Paju) and inland (Cheolwon) areas. Securing agricultural paddies is important for providing crucial areas for feeding, and forests should be important for rest during the night time in Cheolwon, which support crane populations during their wintering migration in Korea. Full article

This article uses a contemporary and revelatory case study to explore the relationship between three conversations in the innovation literature: Design Thinking, creativity in strategy, and the emerging area of Art Thinking. Businesses are increasingly operating in a VUCA environment where they need to design better experiences for their customers and better outcomes for their firm and the Arts are no exception. Innovation, or more correctly, growth through innovation, is a top priority for business and although there is no single, unifying blueprint for success at innovation, Design Thinking is the process that is receiving most attention and getting most traction. We review the literature on Design Thinking, showing how it teaches businesses to think with the creativity and intuition of a designer to show a deep understanding of, and have empathy with, the user. However, Design Thinking has limitations. By placing the consumer at the very heart of the innovation process, Design Thinking can often lead to more incremental, rather than radical, ideas. Now there is a new perspective emerging, Art Thinking, in which the objective is not to design a journey from the current scenario, A, to an improved position, A+. Art Thinking requires the creation of an optimal position B, and spends more time in the open-ended problem space, staking out possibilities and looking for uncontested space. This paper offers a single case study of a national arts organisation in Dublin facing an existential crisis, which used an Art Thinking approach successfully to give a much-needed shot in the arm to its commercial innovation activities. Full article

This case study used a technology readiness level (TRL), market attractiveness level (MAL), and customer readiness level (CRL) to measure the prospect of promising products. The TRL, MAL, and CRL were measured using Delphi methods. A TRL is composed of basic research as well as experimental, prototype, practical, and commercial stages. A market attractiveness level is made up of global market size, global market growth rate, and government policy suitability. A customer readiness level was measured using consumer preference. The promising products were mainly selected as information communication and software related products. Among the technologies and products announced by domestic and foreign organizations, products suitable for research and development tasks of small and medium-sized enterprises were selected. The results of this case study are expected to be committed for the enhancement of the success rate of commercialization for small and medium-sized enterprises by being dedicated to the R&D planning of small and medium-sized enterprises in the ICT (Information and Communication Technology)/SW (Software)) field and proposing a direction to pursue the business. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach to measure the prospect of promising products by using three levels: TRL, MAL, and CRL, which are measured using Delphi methods. This approach aims to enhance the success rate of commercialization for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Full article

Creativity has become one of the most sought-after skills from graduates across business and industry. It is therefore imperative to infuse creativity training within business programs of study and professional development experiences, to remind people of their eternally curious and creative nature. The objective of this paper is to explore the literature around theories of creative potential and performance—including creative identity, creative mindset, and creative self-efficacy. We consider perspectives that reveal that creativity is a mindset predicated on beliefs and ways of thinking. Educational psychology literature and theories of creative self-belief illustrate how creative identity, mindset, and self-efficacy form the core of an individual’s belief system to think, act, and develop creatively in the world. This connects to the potential of arts-based methods as a means to infuse creative learning into business education. We illustrate how our findings can be put into practice by sharing an example of an art-based intervention that is currently in progress to develop creative capacity among students in an internationally known business program. We conclude with the idea that its incumbent upon business education, professional development, and training to incorporate methodologies that enhance creative capacity by initially eliminating or minimizing self-perceived limitations in people, such as fear, negative personal judgement, and chattering of the mind—and theories of creative self-belief provide a foundation that can undergird arts-based methods toward this goal. Full article

The concept of sustainable development has been criticized for its broadness and ambiguity that permits different interpretations in separate views. However, the prior studies on sustainable development generally relied on survey data, so they have some limitations that preclude congruent conclusions. In contrast to prior studies, we used Q methodology, which is designed to investigate subjective perceptions as it is. This study aims to explore the South Koreans’ perceptions of sustainable development among various stakeholders such as experts, bureaucrats, legislatures, civic group members, company employees, and journalists. Based on the hierarchical belief system of the advocacy coalition framework, we classified all statements into three categories: core value, policy core, and secondary aspects. Using Q methodology, we extracted five types: (1) democrat; (2) idealist; (3) green growth advocate; (4) skeptics; and (5) elitist. We examined the distribution of the five types according to a hierarchical belief system, and discussed implications of the findings. Full article

Despite the well-recognised contribution of design to business, practitioners still find it challenging to manage design assets. Given that one cannot manage a business without measuring these assets, researchers and practitioners deem that the lack of a practical measuring tool for design is the cause of this unfavorable situation. Hence, establishing relevant criteria for measuring design effectiveness is essential for developing the tools. However, criteria must anticipate key business outcomes in order to demonstrate effectiveness, and to propose actionable items. Whether the outcome is sales figures or customer satisfaction survey results, the criteria should clearly link with business goals. Also, the technologies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution facilitate the quantification of customer behaviour related to business performance, such as lingering time on the website for shopping. In this context, statistical understanding of design elements is critical for determining appropriate strategies in the era of digitalised data. By utilising a Service Blueprint, this study also proposes a novel approach to tackle current challenges regarding the open innovation process. Since appropriately-developed design elements are the prerequisite of successful measurement, this study extracts the elements through in-depth interviews, and examines them quantitatively with existing business theory. As a result, design elements for the food and beverage service business are confirmed by using the Structural Equation Modeling. Full article

There is a long history of conversations about integrating business and arts-based learning, but they are taking on more urgency today as technology-induced change and global interconnectivity are altering how humans learn, create, and construct new knowledge in unprecedented ways. However, there is much still to be learned about how the disciplines might be integrated and in what ways they can jointly serve the development not only of university students, but of how professional practice itself is defined. Over the past three years, faculty from the Theater and Dance Performance Studies, Art Practice, and Business disciplines at UC Berkeley have collaborated to create a course, Collaborative Innovation, that explores both collaboration and innovation at the intersection of these three fields. This paper presents a framework for a genuinely integrated interdisciplinary class that interweaves personal development and growth with problem framing and solving skills, and diverse-team participation and leadership. Quotes from student reflection papers bring alive the transformational experiences students went through in this course. The integration of socially engaged art, business, and theater/performance through collaborative teamwork tackling important and challenging social problems opens unexpected potential for student development as future contributors to society. Full article

The Korean Wave—otherwise known as Hallyu or Neo-Hallyu—has a particularly strong influence on the Middle East but scholarly attention has not reflected this occurrence. In this article I provide a brief history of Hallyu, noting its mix of cultural and economic characteristics, and then analyse the reception of the phenomenon in the Arab Middle East by considering fan activity on social media platforms. I then conclude by discussing the cultural, political and economic benefits of Hallyu to Korea and indeed the wider world. For the sake of convenience, I will be using the term Hallyu (or Neo-Hallyu) rather than the Korean Wave throughout my paper. Full article

The emerging paradigm of sustainability represents a challenging field in terms of new technologies, market regulations, and business models. Limits of both linear industrial development and consumerist way of living have been clearly identified since the late 1960s by the first systemic studies on the effect of human activities on Earth. Many contributions from different disciplines have paved the way for an open, participated, and responsible innovation approach, which is presently triggering the transition toward a nonexploitative human development. An anticipation of this conceptual framework can be found in Joseph Beuys’ art, which can still represent a source of inspiration for innovators, entrepreneurs, economists, and community leaders. In his artistic legacy—from the six blackboards of Perugia to the 7000 Oaks of Kassel—Beuys is still asking us to transform our everyday actions, joining the collective effort toward a new evolutionary stage of humanity, founded upon a holistic vision of society and nature. Full article

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of job mismatch on pay, job satisfaction, and performance of doctoral level researchers, based on the job-environment fit theory. The study analyzed 2273 sample data used in the survey, based on the ‘2013 Ph D. Research Survey’ from the Institute for Science and Technology Policy (STEPI) in Korea. The results showed that the degree of job-mismatch of doctors has a significant effect on overall pay, job satisfaction, and performance. Specifically, job mismatch of the Ph.D. workforce both negatively affected pay and job satisfaction. In addition, in terms of the relationship between job mismatch, pay, job satisfaction, and job performance, the mediating effect of pay and job satisfaction was confirmed. The implication of the research is that it is crucial to approach the accomplishment of an outstanding workforce based on the concept of job mismatch so that excellent and highly educated human resources can be placed in the right place to maximize their individual qualities and academic knowledge. Considering that job mismatch eventually has a negative impact on research performance through the mediation of pay and job satisfaction, it is necessary to promote strategies to utilize advanced talent, which includes job mismatch, economic incentives, such as salaries, and psychological compensation, such as job satisfaction. Full article

This study estimates the impact of potential climate change, and human interference (anthropogenic deforestation), on temperate forest carbon pool change in the capital area of South Korea, using a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). Additionally, the characteristics of forest carbon pool change were simulated based on a biogeochemical module. The change of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration is deeply related to the change of the forest carbon pool, which is estimated with the measures of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and Soil Carbon Storage (SCS). NPP and SCS were estimated at 2.02–7.43 tC ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and 34.55–84.81 tC ha⁻¹, respectively, during the period 1971–2000. SCS showed a significant decreasing tendency under the conditions of increasing air temperature, and precipitation, in the near future (2021–2050), and far future (2071–2100), which were simulated with future-climate scenario data without any human interference. Besides, it is estimated that the temporal change in NPP indicates only a small decrease, which is little influenced by potential climate change. In the case of potential climate change plus human interference, the decrease rate of NPP and SCS were simulated at 17–33% and 21–46%, respectively, during 2000–2100. Furthermore, the effect of potential human interference contributes to 83–93% and 61–54% of the decrease rate of NPP and SCS, respectively. The decline in the forest carbon pool simulated in this study can play a positive role in increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Consequently, the effect of potential human interference can further accelerate the decline of the temperate forest carbon pool. For the effective reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in urbanizing areas, it would be more effective to control human interference. Consequently, this study suggests that a rate of reforestation corresponding to the deforestation rate should be at least maintained, with long term monitoring and modeling-related studies, against climate change problems. Full article

The paper focuses on the topic of the relationship between coopetition and innovation as well as on their impact on competitive advantage. Before getting to the central issue, a literature review on the topic of coopetition is carried out, in order to catch the existing gaps as well as to single out the paths for future development on the topic. Starting with a bibliometric analysis, the research then focuses on the contents of the contemporary literature, analyzing the main approaches internationally developed. The hint is to study the relationship between innovation and coopetition (in terms of antecedents) and then the impact of innovation-based coopetition or of coopetition-based innovation on firm performance. Full article

Many Chinese companies have recently joined a trend to build their own online brand community, which is good for their corporate strategy and even for innovation, but with a high failure rate due to the low continuance intentions of users. In addition, related research is rare, especially for studies on the relationships between customer-perceived benefits, satisfaction, and the continuance intention of users. The objective of this study was to examine the existing relationships between three constructs: customer-perceived benefits, satisfaction, and user’s continuance intention, in the context of Chinese online brand communities from the perspective of the process. An online questionnaire surveyed 153 online brand community users to understand the relationship between customer-perceived benefits, customer satisfaction, and user’s continuance intention. The data analysis shows that customer-perceived benefits as an antecedent variable have an important influence on the satisfaction and continuance intention of users. Customer satisfaction as a mediator variable also makes a significant positive impact on the user’s continuance intention. At a practical level, the result provides further insight into online brand community operation strategies, and provides managers with new ideas and suggestions for business innovation models. Full article

Divergent thinking ability, as an aspect of creativity, seems valuable to managers and entrepreneurs as they employ the tools of creative problem-solving and innovative thinking in pursuit of business success. Musical study in general, and classical guitar study to a greater degree, has the potential to improve divergent thinking and creative problem-solving abilities. As such, I suggest that utilizing classical guitar study as a creativity training tool may benefit entrepreneurs and managers within a variety of industries. Full article

Innovation policy and business strategy often expect that investing in private and public research and development will immediately produce a flow of products and processes with high commercial and social returns. Policymakers and managers implicitly follow the logic underlying most linear innovation models assuming a well-defined and uni-directional relationship between R&D spending as input and innovation rents as output of the innovation process. Modern innovation economics dismisses the simplified approximation of knowledge by R&D investment and, instead, considers complex knowledge generation and diffusion processes in innovation networks. From this angle, the disappointing performance of traditional approaches is traced back to strong limits of conventional steering, control, and policy instruments. In this paper, we show that the new view of knowledge generation and diffusion in innovation networks allows for an alternative and has led to systemic approaches in innovation analyses. Combined with computational approaches like agent-based modeling, this new view enables today innovative tools in policy consulting. Using the example of regional innovation policy, we introduce a policy laboratory in which innovation processes can be analyzed in depth to see the impact of different innovation policy instruments in-silico. This ex-ante evaluation helps considerably to improve the understanding of innovation processes and with it the performance of innovation policy. Full article

The development of the financial sector has been a major growth driver in all economies, especially in emerging economies. Part of the financial innovations in the sector in recent times is the electronic payment system. Several studies in developed countries have substantiated the positive transformation of this financial innovation. This paper therefore contributes to this debate with three research innovations: first, it adopts a new measure of bank performance—the sortino index; second, it relates market risk exposure of banks to electronic payment technologies; and third, it controls for “without effects” of these innovations on bank performance using interacting dummies. Based on the time dimensional and panel least square models, it finds that bank performance increased after the adoption of electronic payment technologies. Finally, its findings show that bank performance contradicts autoregressive and random walk processes and thus implies that investors should not be disturbed about previous bank performances but concerned about current bank resources. Full article

This research addresses a specific issue in the field of operation scheduling. Even though there are lots of researches on the field of planning and scheduling, a specific scheduling problem is introduced here. We focus on the operation scheduling requirements that the Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought currently. From the point of view of open innovation, operation scheduling is known as the one that is using the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, and Mobile technology. To build proper operation systems under the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is very essential to devise effective and efficient scheduling methodology to improve product quality, customer delivery, manufacturing flexibility, cost saving, and market competence. A scheduling problem on designated parallel equipments, where some equipments are grouped according to the recipe of lots, is considered. This implies that a lot associated with a specific recipe is preferred to be processed on an equipment among predetermined (designated) ones regardless of parallel ones. A setup operation occurs between different recipes of lots. In order to minimize completion time of the last lot, a scheduling algorithm is proposed. We conducted a simulation study with randomly generated problems, and the proposed algorithm has shown desirable and better performance that can be applied in real-time scheduling. Full article