Relationships between Internal Training Intensity and Well-Being Changes in Youth Football Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting and Context
2.3. Participants
2.4. Training Intensity Quantification
2.5. Well-Being Quantification
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Practical Implications
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rating | Fatigue | Stress | DOMS | Sleep Quality |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Very, very low | Very, very low | Very, very low | Very, very good |
2 | Very low | Very low | Very low | Very good |
3 | Low | Low | Low | Good |
4 | Average | Average | Average | Average |
5 | High | High | High | Bad |
6 | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very bad |
7 | Very, very high | Very, very high | Very, very high | Very, very bad |
Pre-Season | Early-Season | In-Season | Overall Season | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 to W6 | H|p|η2 | W7 to W22 | H|p|η2 | W23 to W38 | H|p|η2 | W1 to W38 | H|p|η2 | |
TI measures | ||||||||
TM (AU) | 0.99 ± 0.40 | H = 19.15 | 0.92 ± 0.19 | H = 187.65 | 1.00 ± 0.26 | H = 182.65 | 0.97 ± 0.25 | H = 359.53 |
p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | |||||
η2 = 0.09 | η2 = 0.45 | η2 = 0.43 | η2 = 0.35 | |||||
mTI (AU) | 235.77 ± 153.63 | H = 22.91 | 367.30 ± 98.60 | H = 116.58 | 294.18 ± 68.52 | H = 156.16 | 315.75 ± 91.78 | H = 414.97 |
p = 0.001** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 | |||||
η2 = 0.12 | η2 = 0.26 | η2 = 0.36 | η2 = 0.41 | |||||
wTI (AU) | 1123.25 ± 685.45 | H = 17.54 | 1443.73 ± 478.89 | H = 131.75 | 1337.02 ± 443.04 | H = 100.05 | 1348.20 ± 496.41 | H = 258.42 |
p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | |||||
η2 = 0.08 | η2 = 0.30 | η2 = 0.22 | η2 = 0.24 | |||||
5d-AVG (AU) | 231.68 ± 136.67 | H = 20.27 | 292.23 ± 97.58 | H = 133.24 | 243.05 ± 78.31 | H = 93.07 | 261.96 ± 95.64 | H = 282.18 |
p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | |||||
η2 = 0.10 | η2 = 0.30 | η2 = 0.20 | η2 = 0.26 |
Pre-Season | Early-Season | In-Season | Overall Season | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 to W6 | H|p|η2 | W7 to W22 | H|p|η2 | W23 to W38 | H|p|η2 | W1 to W38 | H|p|η2 | |
Fatigue (AU) | 2.60 ± 07.13 | H = 8.41 | 1.73 ± 0.69 | H = 86.94 | 1.87 ± 0.67 | H = 57.17 | 1.32 ± 0.45 | H = 166.58 |
p = 0.13 | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | |||||
η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.18 | η2 = 0.11 | η2 = 0.14 | |||||
Stress (AU) | 0.98 ± 0.59 | H = 0.87 | 0.97 ± 0.39 | H = 79.20 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | H = 34.66 | 1.00 ± 0.30 | H = 184.04 |
p = 0.97 | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | |||||
η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.16 | η2 = 0.05 | η2 = 0.16 | |||||
DOMS (AU) | 1.38 ± 0.87 | H = 5.74 | 1.65 ± 0.69 | H = 75.59 | 1.84 ± 0.67 | H = 52.84 | 1.30 ± 0.45 | H = 145.41 |
p = 0.32 | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | |||||
η2 = 0.005 | η2 = 0.15 | η2 = 0.10 | η2 = 0.11 | |||||
Sleep Quality (AU) | 1.39 ± 0.82 | H = 0.30 | 1.30 ± 0.59 | H = 45.07 | 1.35 ± 0.57 | H = 40.24 | 1.16 ± 0.40 | H = 115.17 |
p = 1.00 | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | |||||
η2 = 0.03 | η2 = 0.07 | η2 = 0.07 | η2 = 0.08 | |||||
Hooper Index (AU) | 5.04 ± 3.12 | H = 2.38 | 5.53 ± 2.00 | H = 92.69 | 6.04 ± 1.88 | H = 61.18 | 3.04 ± 1.13 | H = 86.55 |
p = 0.79 | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | p = 0.001 ** | |||||
η2 = 0.01 | η2 = 0.20 | η2 = 0.12 | η2 = 0.05 |
Well-Being Measures | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TI Measures | Fatigue | Stress | DOMS | Sleep Quality | Hooper Index |
TM | r = 0.41|p = 0.27 | r = 0.47|p = 0.19 | r = 0.31|p = 0.41 | r = 0.65|p = 0.05 * | r = 0.56|p = 0.11 |
mTI | r = −0.22|p = 0.55 | r = −0.38|p = 0.30 | r = −0.22|p = 0.56 | r = −0.69|p = 0.04 * | r = −0.48|p = 0.18 |
wTI | r = −0.17|p = 0.65 | r = −0.30|p = 0.42 | r = −0.18|p = 0.63 | r = −0.59|p = 0.08 | r = −0.43|p = 0.23 |
5d-AVG | r = −0.15|p = 0.68 | r = −0.04|p = 0.90 | r = −0.08|p = 0.83 | r = −0.47|p = 0.19 | r = −0.31|p = 0.40 |
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Silva, R.M.; Clemente, F.M.; González-Fernández, F.T.; Nobari, H.; Oliveira, R.; Silva, A.F.; Cancela-Carral, J.M. Relationships between Internal Training Intensity and Well-Being Changes in Youth Football Players. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101814
Silva RM, Clemente FM, González-Fernández FT, Nobari H, Oliveira R, Silva AF, Cancela-Carral JM. Relationships between Internal Training Intensity and Well-Being Changes in Youth Football Players. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101814
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva, Rui Miguel, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Francisco Tomás González-Fernández, Hadi Nobari, Rafael Oliveira, Ana Filipa Silva, and José María Cancela-Carral. 2022. "Relationships between Internal Training Intensity and Well-Being Changes in Youth Football Players" Healthcare 10, no. 10: 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101814