The Role of IL-6 in Skin Fibrosis and Cutaneous Wound Healing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Wound Healing
2.1. Inflammation
2.2. Proliferation
3. Fibrotic Diseases of the Skin
3.1. Hypertrophic Scarring
3.2. Keloids
3.3. Scleroderma and Systemic Sclerosis
3.4. Dupuytren’s Disease
3.5. Treatments Modulating IL-6 (Cutaneous Fibrosis)
3.5.1. Corticosteroids
3.5.2. Verapamil
3.5.3. IL-6 Blockade
3.5.4. Pirfenidone
4. Age, Obesity, Diabetes and Chronic Wounds
4.1. Age
4.2. Diabetes and Obesity
4.3. Treatments Modulating IL-6 (Wound Healing)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Effect | Disease | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Corticosteroids | ↓IL-6, ↓VEGF, ↓STAT3 | Hypertrophic/keloid scars | Improved scar score [84,85,86] |
Dupuytren’s disease | Softening of nodules, improved motility [87,88] | ||
Verapamil (Calcium antagonist) | ↓IL-6, ↓VEGF, ↑Apoptosis (Fibroblasts) | Hypertrophic/keloid scars | Reduced growth, improved scar score [89,90] (disputed efficacy [91,92]) |
Tocilizumab (IL-6 blockade) | Prevents IL-6-receptor binding | Scleroderma/systemic sclerosis | Improved skin score, reverses TGF-β-dependent phenotype in SSc fibroblasts [93,94,95] |
Pirfenidone | ↓TGF- β-signaling, ↓IL-6 | Dupuytren’s disease | Preclinical—reduces TGF-β-dependent signaling in DD fibroblasts [96,97,98] |
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Johnson, B.Z.; Stevenson, A.W.; Prêle, C.M.; Fear, M.W.; Wood, F.M. The Role of IL-6 in Skin Fibrosis and Cutaneous Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050101
Johnson BZ, Stevenson AW, Prêle CM, Fear MW, Wood FM. The Role of IL-6 in Skin Fibrosis and Cutaneous Wound Healing. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(5):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050101
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohnson, Blair Z., Andrew W. Stevenson, Cecilia M. Prêle, Mark W. Fear, and Fiona M. Wood. 2020. "The Role of IL-6 in Skin Fibrosis and Cutaneous Wound Healing" Biomedicines 8, no. 5: 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050101