Transthyretin as a Biomarker to Predict and Monitor Major Depressive Disorder Identified by Whole-Genome Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Chronic Mild Stress Procedures
2.2.1. Fear Stress
2.2.2. Cage Tilting
2.2.3. Cage Shaking
2.2.4. Wet Sawdust Bedding
2.2.5. Physical Restraint and Social Stress
2.2.6. Water Emergency
2.2.7. Tail Pinching
2.2.8. Continuous Overnight Illumination
2.3. Behavioral Testing Assessments
2.3.1. Running Wheel Test
2.3.2. Forced Swimming Test (FST)
2.3.3. Tail Suspension Test (TST)
2.4. Expression Microarray Experiments and Data Analysis
2.5. QPCR Validation
2.6. Immunohistochemical (IHC) Staining
2.7. TTR ELISA
2.8. Patient Samples
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mice That Underwent CMS Gained Less Body Weight and Exhibited Reduced Mobility
3.2. Histopathological Analysis of CMS-Treated Mouse Brains
3.3. Identification of MDD-Related Gene Signatures Using Whole-Genome Transcriptomic Analysis
3.4. GSEA Predicts Potential Biological Function Related to CMS Induction
3.5. Pathway Prediction and Regulatory Network Construction in CMS-Treated Mice
3.6. Transthyretin (TTR) Is a Biomarker for MDD Monitoring
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yu, S.-L.; Chu, S.S.-T.; Chien, M.-H.; Kuo, P.-H.; Yang, P.-C.; Su, K.-Y. Transthyretin as a Biomarker to Predict and Monitor Major Depressive Disorder Identified by Whole-Genome Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091124
Yu S-L, Chu SS-T, Chien M-H, Kuo P-H, Yang P-C, Su K-Y. Transthyretin as a Biomarker to Predict and Monitor Major Depressive Disorder Identified by Whole-Genome Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Models. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(9):1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091124
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Sung-Liang, Selina Shih-Ting Chu, Min-Hui Chien, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Pan-Chyr Yang, and Kang-Yi Su. 2021. "Transthyretin as a Biomarker to Predict and Monitor Major Depressive Disorder Identified by Whole-Genome Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Models" Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091124