Simple and Complex Substrates (Sugar, Acetate and Milk Whey) for In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater with Nitrate and Actinide Contamination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Water Samples
2.2. Sandy-Loam Samples
2.3. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Screening of Substrates for Nitrate Removal (Accumulation of Nitrite Ions) in Samples of Groundwater
3.2. Distribution of Radionuclide Forms in the Solution/Sediment System in A Sample of Natural Water
3.3. Actinides Size Distribution in a Sample of Natural Water after Substrates Addition
3.4. Actinides Sorption on Rock Samples in the Presence of Milk Whey, Sugar, Acetate, and Metabolites
3.5. Desorption of Radionuclides from Rock Samples in the Presence of Substrates
4. Conclusions
- The mobility of neptunium was more significant than americium and plutonium, and the leaching by natural water was in a range from 28 to 39%.
- For samples with high aluminum and sulfur content, a significant reduction in americium leaching was observed after pre-treatment of microbial activation. In the presence of hydroxylamine (HA), this difference reached up to 40% of the total.
- In the case of the plutonium in the samples with a high aluminum content, a minor increase in leaching with pre-treatment was observed in the presence of HA. The proportion of plutonium leached without pre-treatment in this case constituted 70% to 80% of the total.
- The occurrence of active microbial processes on rocks may be associated with the reduction of iron and the conversion of highly crystalline ferruginous phases into less crystalline ones with a higher sorption capacity with respect to actinides.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Well | 1 | 2 |
---|---|---|
Sampling depth, m | 15 | 15 |
TOS Salinity, mg/L | 3952.0 | 109.0 |
pH | 6.58 | 6.41 |
Eh | 65 | −30 |
Oxidizability, mg O/L | 13.10 | 5.11 |
Fe(total) | 0.25 | 2.38 |
Na+ | 604.0 | 3.41 |
K+ | 3.09 | 0.59 |
Ca2+ | 316.60 | 15.39 |
Mg2+ | 63.20 | 2.76 |
NH4+ | 7.64 | <0.5 |
NO3− | 2517.0 | 0.77 |
SO42− | 72.40 | 0.84 |
Cl− | 4.52 | 2.26 |
HCO3− | 331.0 | 67.10 |
NO2− | <0.2 | <0.2 |
Sample | Na2O | MgO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | K2O | CaO | TiO2 | MnO | Fe2O3 | P2O5 | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
s1 | 1.68 | 1.14 | 8.64 | 79.32 | 1.69 | 1.46 | 0.39 | 0.038 | 2.75 | 0.07 | 0.09 |
s2 | 3.18 | 2.80 | 7.78 | 74.20 | 1.98 | 4.45 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 2.15 | 0.05 | 2.78 |
s3 | 1.11 | 0.98 | 11.81 | 77.51 | 2.82 | 0.44 | 0.600 | 0.11 | 4.41 | 0.10 | <0.02 |
s4 | 1.20 | 0.96 | 11.69 | 79.03 | 3.00 | 0.46 | 0.570 | 0.06 | 2.84 | 0.08 | <0.02 |
s5 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 13.4 | 75.7 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 0.78 | 0.11 | 2.9 | 0.1 | <0.02 |
Mineral Phase | Samples | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
s1 | s2 | s3 | s4 | s5 | |
Quarz | 50 | 42 | 49 | 53 | 36 |
Siderite | 4 | - | 3 | 1 | 4 |
Calcite | - | 4 | - | - | - |
Potassium feldspar | 22 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 |
Albite | 3 | 6 | - | - | 25 |
Amphibole | - | - | - | - | 2 |
Goethite | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | - |
Smectite | 8 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 10 |
Kaolinite | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Illite | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Chlorite | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Substrates | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
NO3− Removal | NO2− Accumulation | NO3− Removal | NO2− Accumulation | |
Hydrogen | 89.1 | 0.2 | 102.6 | 0.5 |
Methanol | 106.2 | 5.0 | 41.8 | 7.9 |
Ethanol | 96.5 | 2.9 | 92.2 | 8.4 |
Glycerin | 45.7 | 2.9 | 55.8 | 3.9 |
Oxalate | 33.4 | 8.6 | 32.4 | 11.4 |
Acetate | 115.1 | 4.3 | 160.6 | 6.8 |
Lactate | 86.5 | 4.3 | 39.5 | 3.9 |
Glucose | 96.5 | 2.1 | 104.1 | 6.7 |
Sucrose | 136.1 | 5.0 | 106.5 | 7.5 |
Milk whey | 232.8 | 0.2 | 136.7 | 0.15 |
Brewing waste | 222.1 | 16.7 | 94.0 | 0.56 |
Sunflower oil | 78.6 | 16.0 | 56.8 | 1.1 |
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Myasnikov, I.; Artemiev, G.; Lavrinovich, E.; Kazinskaya, I.; Novikov, A.; Safonov, A. Simple and Complex Substrates (Sugar, Acetate and Milk Whey) for In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater with Nitrate and Actinide Contamination. Hydrology 2023, 10, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10080175
Myasnikov I, Artemiev G, Lavrinovich E, Kazinskaya I, Novikov A, Safonov A. Simple and Complex Substrates (Sugar, Acetate and Milk Whey) for In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater with Nitrate and Actinide Contamination. Hydrology. 2023; 10(8):175. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10080175
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyasnikov, Ivan, Grigory Artemiev, Elena Lavrinovich, Irina Kazinskaya, Alexander Novikov, and Alexey Safonov. 2023. "Simple and Complex Substrates (Sugar, Acetate and Milk Whey) for In Situ Bioremediation of Groundwater with Nitrate and Actinide Contamination" Hydrology 10, no. 8: 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10080175