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Bioengineering
Volume 7
Issue 2
10.3390/bioengineering7020055
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Article

Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Orthodontic Extractions: A Computational Analysis Using Ensemble Learning

by
Yasir Suhail
1,*,
Madhur Upadhyay
2,
Aditya Chhibber
3 and
Kshitiz
1,*
1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
2
Division of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
3
Private Practice, Norwalk, OH 44857, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bioengineering 2020, 7(2), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7020055
Submission received: 1 May 2020 / Revised: 6 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 June 2020 / Published: 12 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosignal Processing)
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Abstract

Extraction of teeth is an important treatment decision in orthodontic practice. An expert system that is able to arrive at suitable treatment decisions can be valuable to clinicians for verifying treatment plans, minimizing human error, training orthodontists, and improving reliability. In this work, we train a number of machine learning models for this prediction task using data for 287 patients, evaluated independently by five different orthodontists. We demonstrate why ensemble methods are particularly suited for this task. We evaluate the performance of the machine learning models and interpret the training behavior. We show that the results for our model are close to the level of agreement between different orthodontists.
Keywords: orthodontics; neural network; machine learning; random forests; ensemble methods orthodontics; neural network; machine learning; random forests; ensemble methods

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MDPI and ACS Style

Suhail, Y.; Upadhyay, M.; Chhibber, A.; Kshitiz. Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Orthodontic Extractions: A Computational Analysis Using Ensemble Learning. Bioengineering 2020, 7, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7020055

AMA Style

Suhail Y, Upadhyay M, Chhibber A, Kshitiz. Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Orthodontic Extractions: A Computational Analysis Using Ensemble Learning. Bioengineering. 2020; 7(2):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7020055

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhail, Yasir, Madhur Upadhyay, Aditya Chhibber, and Kshitiz. 2020. "Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Orthodontic Extractions: A Computational Analysis Using Ensemble Learning" Bioengineering 7, no. 2: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7020055

APA Style

Suhail, Y., Upadhyay, M., Chhibber, A., & Kshitiz. (2020). Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Orthodontic Extractions: A Computational Analysis Using Ensemble Learning. Bioengineering, 7(2), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7020055

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