Antifungal Resistance and Genotyping of Clinical Candida parapsilosis Complex in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Candida parapsilosis Complex Isolates
2.2. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
2.3. Genomic DNA Extraction
2.4. Detection of ERG11 Mutations
2.5. Detection of FKS1 (HS1 and HS2) Mutations
2.6. Microsatellite Typing of C. parapsilosis Isolates
2.7. Data Availability
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Features of the Isolates
3.2. Antifungal Susceptibility Profiling
3.3. Mutations in the ERG11 Gene and FKS1 HS Regions
3.4. MLST Genotyping, Phylogeny, and Population Genetics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drug | No. of Isolates at Each Determined MIC Value (µg/mL) | MIC Range (µg/mL) | GM a MIC (µg/mL) | MIC (µg/mL) of Quality Control Strains: | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤0.015 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 | C. krusei ATCC 6258 | |||
MFG | 1 | 1 | 13 | 14 | 50 | 0.06–1 | 0.66 | 0.5 | 0.12 | ||||
CAS | 1 | 23 | 55 | 0.25–1 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.25 | ||||||
AMB | 10 | 69 | 0.5–1 | 0.92 | 0.5 | 1 | |||||||
5FC | 79 | 0.12 | 0.12 | ≤0.12 | 4 | ||||||||
FLC | 1 | 24 | 42 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0.12–4 | 0.47 | 1 | 16 | |||
ITC | 5 | 38 | 26 | 10 | 0.015–0.12 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.12 | |||||
VRC | 59 | 18 | 2 | 0.015–0.06 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.12 | ||||||
MZ | 16 | 27 | 22 | 14 | 0.03–0.25 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.25 |
Loci | Size Range (bp) | No. of Alleles | No. of Genotype |
---|---|---|---|
CP1 | 216–269 | 16 | 20 |
CP4 | 253–479 | 30 | 28 |
B5 | 116–197 | 15 | 16 |
CP6 | 213–328 | 27 | 32 |
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Khalifa, H.O.; Watanabe, A.; Kamei, K. Antifungal Resistance and Genotyping of Clinical Candida parapsilosis Complex in Japan. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10010004
Khalifa HO, Watanabe A, Kamei K. Antifungal Resistance and Genotyping of Clinical Candida parapsilosis Complex in Japan. Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10010004
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhalifa, Hazim O., Akira Watanabe, and Katsuhiko Kamei. 2024. "Antifungal Resistance and Genotyping of Clinical Candida parapsilosis Complex in Japan" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 1: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10010004