Allochthonous Trichoderma Isolates Boost Atractylodes lancea Herb Quality at the Cost of Rhizome Growth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant and Fungal Materials
2.2. Isolation, Identification and Culturing of Fungi
2.3. Dual-Culture Experiments
2.4. Inoculation of A. lancea Seedlings
2.5. Measurement of A. lancea Biomass and Content of Medicinal Compounds
2.6. Studies on the Optimal Culturing and Sporulation Conditions for the Trichoderma Isolates
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Trichoderma Strains Were Isolated and Identified
3.2. Screening of Strong Biocontrol Trichoderma Candidates
3.3. Morphological and Phylogenetic Characterization of Th2, Th3 and Th4
3.4. Th2, Th3 and Th4 Promoted the Medicinal Compound Accumulation of A. lancea Seedlings at the Cost of Plant Growth
3.5. Establishment of the Optimal Culturing and Sporulation Conditions of Th2, Th3 and Th4
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species Name | Total Isolate Count | Isolate Count by Geographic Origin | Isolate Count by Association to A. lancea Compartment | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liaoning Province | Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | Rhizome Rhizosphere | Fibrous Root Rhizosphere | ||
Trichoderma atroviride | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Trichoderma lixii | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Trichoderma chlamydosporicum | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Trichoderma harzianum | 7 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
Trichoderma velutinum | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
Trichoderma koningiopsis | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trichoderma brevicompactum | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
Trichoderma citrinoviride | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Sum | 21 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 8 |
Name | Microscopic Morphology of Conidiophores |
---|---|
Th2 | Gliocladium type, containing 2–4 branches (1–2 cells long), attached to 3–5 phialides or a combination of secondary branches and phialides. Phialides were short with a thin base and an enlarged middle part. |
Th3 | Pachybasium type, with a main axis, short secondary branches forming a nearly right angle with the axis, with a terminal whorl of 1–3 and occasionally 4 phialides. Phialides were short, barrel-shaped, forming large angles between each other. |
Th4 | Verticillium type. Conidiophore had septate base and was dark in color, with 1–3 (occasionally up to 5) slim phialides per whorl at the terminal. |
T (°C) | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trichoderma | |||||||
Th2 | + | + | + | − | − | − | |
Th3 | + | + | + | − | − | − | |
Th4 | + | + | + | − | − | − |
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Li, K.; Lin, H.; Guo, X.; Wang, S.; Wang, H.; Wang, T.; Peng, Z.; Wang, Y.; Guo, L. Allochthonous Trichoderma Isolates Boost Atractylodes lancea Herb Quality at the Cost of Rhizome Growth. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10050351
Li K, Lin H, Guo X, Wang S, Wang H, Wang T, Peng Z, Wang Y, Guo L. Allochthonous Trichoderma Isolates Boost Atractylodes lancea Herb Quality at the Cost of Rhizome Growth. Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(5):351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10050351
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Kuo, Huaibin Lin, Xiuzhi Guo, Sheng Wang, Hongyang Wang, Tielin Wang, Zheng Peng, Yuefeng Wang, and Lanping Guo. 2024. "Allochthonous Trichoderma Isolates Boost Atractylodes lancea Herb Quality at the Cost of Rhizome Growth" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 5: 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10050351