Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Phaeosphaeria Fungi Genus: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chemistry and Biology of Microbial Natural Products Isolated from the Genus Phaeosphaeria
2.1. Cyclohexanoids, Naphthoquinones, Anthraquinones, and Phenalenones
2.2. Isocoumarins, Isobenzofuran, and Related Metabolites
2.3. Perylenequinones
2.4. Terpenoide/Steroidal Compounds
2.5. Nitrogen-Containing Compounds
3. Conclusions and Perspective
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
IC50 | Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration |
EC50 | Half Maximal Effective Concentration |
MIC | Minimum Inhibitory Concentration |
MIC80 | Minimum Concentration required to Inhibit 80% |
STAT | Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription |
PKS | Polyketide Synthases |
NPRS | Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases |
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Name | Class | Species | Biological Activity | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spartinol A–D (1–4) | Polyketide | P. spartinae | Cytotoxic | [15] |
Spartinoxide (5) | Polyketide | P. spartinae | Cytotoxic | [16] |
Furanospartinol (6) | Polyketide | P. spartinae | Antimicrobial, cytotoxic | [17] |
Pyranospartinol (7) | Polyketide | P. spartinae | Antimicrobial, cytotoxic | [17] |
Phaeosphenone (8) | Polyketide | Phaeosphaeria sp. | Antifungal, antibacterial | [18] |
9–19 | Polyketide | Phaeosphaeria sp. | Cytotoxic, anti-tuberculosis | [19] |
Rousselianone A (20) | Polyketide | P. rousseliana | Antibiotic | [20] |
Rousselianone A’ (21) | Polyketide | P. rousseliana | No activity | [20] |
Alternapyrones B–F (22–26) | Polyketide | P. nodorum | Cytotoxic, herbicidal | [21] |
27–35 | Polyketide | P. nodorum | No activity | [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] |
36–37 | Polyketide | P. nodorum | No activity | [16] |
38–39 | Polyketide | Phaeosphaeria sp. | Antifungal | [30,31,32] |
40–51 | Polyketide | Phaeosphaeria sp. | Cytotoxic | [33] |
52–63 | Diterpene | Phaeosphaeria sp. | Antimicrobial | [34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41] |
Spartopregnenolone (64) | Steroid | P. spartinae | No activity | [42] |
65–67 | Pyrazine alkaloid | P. nodorum | Antimicrobial | [43,44,45,46,47] |
68 | Pyrrolidone | P. nodorum | Phytotoxic | [48] |
69–70 | Pyrrolidone | P. avenaria | Antifungal, antibacterial | [49] |
Phaeofungin (71) | Cyclic depsipeptide | Phaeosphaeria sp. | Antifungal, antibacterial | [50] |
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El-Demerdash, A. Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Phaeosphaeria Fungi Genus: A Systematic Review. J. Fungi 2018, 4, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4040130
El-Demerdash A. Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Phaeosphaeria Fungi Genus: A Systematic Review. Journal of Fungi. 2018; 4(4):130. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4040130
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Demerdash, Amr. 2018. "Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Phaeosphaeria Fungi Genus: A Systematic Review" Journal of Fungi 4, no. 4: 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4040130