Hydraulic Performance of Horticultural Substrates—3. Impact of Substrate Composition and Ingredients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Horticultural Substrates
2.2. Hydraulic Criteria
2.3. Hydraulic Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Hydraulic Properties
3.2. Quality Scores
3.3. Correlations of Hydraulic Ratings with Basic Properties and Statistical Grouping
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HS | Product | Price x | Application y | Ingredients z |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Falkena | M | P | 90% Hh (H4–H8), 10% C |
2 | Plantop | M | P | Hh (H2–H5), G, F |
3 | Plantop, for grass | M | F | 35% Hh (H2–H8), 30% F, 15% G, 20% L, C, S |
4 | Falkena, rhododen | M | F | Hh (H3–H9) |
5 | Falkena, potting soil | M | P | Hh (H3–H8), P, C |
6 | Bodengold, bio. | M | P/F | 40% Hh (H2–H8), 20% F, 40% G, P, C |
7 | Bodengold, premium | M | P | 100% Hh (H2–H5), P, C |
8 | Chrysal, active soil | H | P | no information |
9 | Cuxin, balcony plants | H | P | Hh (H3–H7), C, Co |
10 | Cuxin for turf rolls | H | F | Hh, G, Co |
11 | Falkena, balcony | M | P/F | Hh (H2–H9) |
12 | Mecklenburger | kA | F | Hh (H3–H5) |
13 | Treff_Jiffy Products | kA | F | Hh (H5–H8) |
14 | Plantop, substrate I | M | P/F | 80% Hh (H2–H8), 15% F, 5% G |
15 | Thomas Phillips | M | P | 80% Hh (H3–H7), 15% F, 5% G, S |
16 | Netto supermarket | M | P | Hh (H3–H8), F, G |
17 | Blumenrisse | M | P | 100% Hh (H2–H8), C |
18 | Gartenkrone | M | P | 80% Hh (H4–H8), F, P, Gu |
19 | Compo Sana | H | P | 96% Hh (H3–H8), P, Gu |
20 | Floragard | H | P | 100% Hh (H2–H8), Gu |
21 | Fleurelle | M | P | Hh (H2–H6), F, G, Gu |
22 | Hewita Flor | M | P/F | Hh (H2–H6), G, C, S |
23 | Grüne Welle bio soil | M | P/F | Hh (H2–H5), G, W |
24 | Compo Bio. | H | F | Hh (H2–H5, H6–H8), G, Gu, Ca |
25 | Cuxin, for vegetables | H | F | 60% Hh (H3–H5, H5–H7), G, C, L |
26 | Stender potting soil | M | P | 100% Hh (H3–H5, H5–H7), C |
27 | Frux with natural clay | H | P | Hh, C |
28 | Euflor, plantahum | H | P/F | Hh (H3–H5), S, C |
29 | Kuhlmann potting soil | M | F | 82% Hh, 10% G, 5.5% S, 2.5% C |
30 | Grüne Welle | M | P | Hh (H3–H6), C |
31 | Raiffeisen Gartenkraft | M | P | 97% Hh (H3–H8), C, Ca, 0.07% Gu |
32 | Cuxin, for container | H | P | Hh (H3–H4, H5–H6), Co, C |
33 | DCM Cuxin, peat-free | H | P | 100% Co |
34 | Neudohum, peat-free | H | P | F, CO, C |
35 | Uniflor, Schohmaker | M | P | 100% Hh |
36 | Pro-green-BK | kA | P/F | 30% Hh, 40% Co, 30% P |
HS No. | Θs | FC | pWP | Airp20 | AirBed | EAWp20 | EAWBed | Sdry | CR5 | WDPT4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% by vol. | cm | s | ||||||||
HS 1 | 86.2 | 48.4 | 11.9 | 9.4 | 37.8 | 32.7 | 20.0 | 29.2 | 24.4 | 5 |
HS 2 | 77.2 | 43.0 | 18.1 | 8.5 | 34.2 | 31.2 | 19.8 | 19.1 | 10.1 | 20 |
HS 3 | 78.8 | 42.2 | 16.2 | 8.4 | 36.6 | 32.9 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 26.7 | 12 |
HS 4 | 88.8 | 55.0 | 10.9 | 7.9 | 33.8 | 30.1 | 25.3 | 35.9 | 47.7 | 13 |
HS 5 | 86.3 | 47.8 | 14.4 | 13.1 | 38.5 | 27.9 | 18.3 | 25.3 | 45.7 | 0.1 |
HS 6 | 80.7 | 46.7 | 13.5 | 12.8 | 34.0 | 25.4 | 19.7 | 22.2 | 13.1 | 1 |
HS 7 | 87.2 | 52.1 | 15.3 | 10.6 | 35.2 | 29.2 | 23.8 | 27.1 | 54.7 | 0.1 |
HS 8 | 88.9 | 55.2 | 16.3 | 9.2 | 33.8 | 29.9 | 25.7 | 23.6 | 45.3 | 0.1 |
HS 9 | 90.0 | 54.6 | 19.0 | 6.0 | 35.4 | 25.9 | 27.5 | 27.2 | 29.3 | 0.1 |
HS 10 | 87.3 | 45.0 | 14.5 | 12.4 | 42.4 | 34.9 | 21.2 | 22.1 | 30.6 | 0.1 |
HS 11 | 84.3 | 46.7 | 11.6 | 6.3 | 37.6 | 34.2 | 19.0 | 29.8 | 30.4 | 32 |
HS 12 | 88.3 | 39.5 | 18.3 | 10.7 | 48.8 | 44.1 | 20.8 | 22.8 | 40.5 | 3 |
HS 13 | 87.6 | 47.2 | 16.8 | 8.3 | 40.5 | 37.2 | 24.9 | 24.1 | 18.3 | 57 |
HS 14 | 80.3 | 44.8 | 18.7 | 8.7 | 35.5 | 32.3 | 20.1 | 24.1 | 21.8 | 17 |
HS 15 | 86.2 | 51.7 | 13.6 | 7.5 | 34.5 | 32.1 | 25.2 | 31.3 | 29.0 | 7 |
HS 16 | 85.5 | 44.4 | 17.1 | 9.1 | 41.1 | 36.9 | 20.3 | 23.8 | 15.9 | 10 |
HS 17 | 87.7 | 54.3 | 15.2 | 10.5 | 33.4 | 26.4 | 26.0 | 35.2 | 35.3 | 1 |
HS 18 | 88.1 | 50.8 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 37.3 | 27.6 | 24.5 | 29.5 | 52.7 | 0.1 |
HS 19 | 88.3 | 51.1 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 37.2 | 30.5 | 26.0 | 27.1 | 36.4 | 1 |
HS 20 | 86.5 | 48.0 | 16.7 | 12.2 | 38.4 | 30.5 | 23.1 | 27.7 | 46.4 | 2 |
HS 21 | 89.3 | 48.7 | 13.2 | 13.9 | 40.6 | 32.1 | 23.5 | 19.1 | 21.5 | 1 |
HS 22 | 86.6 | 49.2 | 16.1 | 6.0 | 37.5 | 37.6 | 24.7 | 26.3 | 29.8 | 0.1 |
HS 23 | 77.9 | 41.4 | 11.3 | 8.0 | 36.5 | 33.1 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 37.2 | 19 |
HS 24 | 85.9 | 58.2 | 14.2 | 5.0 | 27.7 | 30.5 | 32.2 | 23.4 | 87.9 | 0.1 |
HS 25 | 82.9 | 44.6 | 16.7 | 9.8 | 38.3 | 34.3 | 23.9 | 24.7 | 12.7 | 3 |
HS 26 | 84.7 | 47.5 | 15.9 | 8.0 | 37.2 | 36.2 | 26.4 | 23.4 | 37.2 | 32 |
HS 27 | 83.6 | 51.9 | 11.4 | 4.2 | 31.7 | 34.6 | 36.0 | 32.1 | 79.9 | 240 |
HS 28 | 83.6 | 44.7 | 20.9 | 6.5 | 38.8 | 36.9 | 21.0 | 27.8 | 53.4 | 5 |
HS 29 | 81.6 | 47.4 | 11.1 | 6.7 | 34.3 | 32.3 | 24.0 | 24.9 | 69.6 | 7 |
HS 30 | 79.3 | 43.3 | 11.3 | 8.0 | 36.0 | 32.8 | 19.9 | 24.0 | 57.7 | 1 |
HS 31 | 84.5 | 50.7 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 33.8 | 30.0 | 23.9 | 28.4 | 53.0 | 1 |
HS 32 | 83.2 | 49.4 | 10.8 | 6.1 | 33.8 | 33.8 | 27.4 | 20.6 | 42.9 | 62 |
HS 33 | 89.0 | 38.1 | 9.1 | 17.0 | 50.9 | 38.2 | 25.1 | 14.5 | 76.3 | 0.1 |
HS 34 | 84.1 | 44.3 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 39.9 | 25.5 | 19.6 | 13.0 | 17.9 | 0.1 |
HS 35 | 79.9 | 53.2 | 15.1 | 23.9 | 26.7 | 25.4 | 22.7 | 27.6 | 26.0 | 10 |
HS 36 | 83.4 | 40.8 | 12.3 | 17.5 | 42.7 | 37.7 | 24.7 | 8.0 | 40.1 | 0.1 |
MW | 84.8 | 47.8 | 14.1 | 9.8 | 37.0 | 32.6 | 23.4 | 24.5 | 38.8 | 15.6 |
Sub-Strate | Score_Basic Requirement | Score Limitation | Score | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Container | Bed | |||||||||
EAWp20 | Airp20 | EAWBed | AirBed | CR5 | Sdry | WDPT4 | Bed | Cont. | Total | |
PS 1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
PS 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 7.5 |
PS 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 8.5 |
PS 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 8 |
PS 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 10 |
PS 6 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 10 |
PS 7 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 10 | 10.5 |
PS 8 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 12 | 11.5 |
PS 9 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 10 | 9 |
PS 10 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 11 | 11.5 |
PS 11 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
PS 12 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 11 | 11.5 |
PS 13 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 8.5 |
PS 14 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
PS 15 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 7 |
PS 16 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
PS 17 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
PS 18 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
PS 19 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
PS 20 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 10 | 10.5 |
PS 21 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 10 | 10.5 |
PS 22 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 10 | 9 |
PS 23 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 8.5 |
PS 24 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 12 | 11 |
PS 25 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
PS 26 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 9.5 |
PS 27 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 6.5 |
PS 28 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 10 | 9.5 |
PS 29 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 11 | 10 |
PS 30 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 10 | 10.5 |
PS 31 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
PS 32 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 9 |
PS 33 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 11 | 11.5 |
PS 34 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
PS 35 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 8.5 |
PS 36 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 11 | 11.5 |
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Schindler, U.; Lischeid, G.; Müller, L. Hydraulic Performance of Horticultural Substrates—3. Impact of Substrate Composition and Ingredients. Horticulturae 2017, 3, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae3010007
Schindler U, Lischeid G, Müller L. Hydraulic Performance of Horticultural Substrates—3. Impact of Substrate Composition and Ingredients. Horticulturae. 2017; 3(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae3010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchindler, Uwe, Gunnar Lischeid, and Lothar Müller. 2017. "Hydraulic Performance of Horticultural Substrates—3. Impact of Substrate Composition and Ingredients" Horticulturae 3, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae3010007