Extraction of Copper and Zinc from Waste Printed Circuit Boards
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
Material Pretreatment by Roasting
2.2. Characterization
Chemical Analysis
2.3. Experimental Studies
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physical and Chemical Characterization of Pulverized WPCBs
3.2. Extraction in Hydrochloric Acid
3.3. Extraction in Sulfuric Acid
3.4. Extraction Study in Nitric Acid
3.5. Extraction in Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid (TFMS)
3.6. Extraction in Chloride Media
3.7. Extraction in Hydroxide Media
4. Selectivity Studies
5. Conclusions
- Cu and Zn were extracted with other metals in diluted HCl lixiviant, which resulted in a low selectivity ratio and made HCl lixiviants perform poorly for selective extraction.
- Diluted H2SO4, HNO3, and TFMS lixiviants performed excellently, with the highest selectivity of Cu and Zn toward Fe.
- The selective extraction of Zn without the extraction of other metals was achieved in NaOH lixiviants because Zn acted as an amphoteric oxide. The high selectivity of Zn toward Fe was achieved in 0.5 M NaCl + 0.5M CuCl2 lixiviant.
- Selectivity of Cu and Zn toward Fe in 0.5 M NaCl + 0.1 M CuCl2 lixiviant was obtained. As the concentration of CuCl2 increased to 0.5 M, the Cu extraction efficiency decreased drastically.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elements | Weight (%) | |
Fe | 11.118 | |
Cu | 41.64 | |
Ni | 2.28 | |
Al | 5.05 | |
Zn | 1.79 | |
Pb | 1.09 | |
Sn | 1.63 | |
Ti | 0.18 |
Solutions | Concentrations | Chemical Strength | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) | 0.5 M 1.5 M 2.5 M 4.5 M 5.0 M | Percent purity: 35.4%, specific gravity: 1.18 g/cm3, percent weight: 36.46 g/mole | Finar Chemical |
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) | 0.5 M 1.5 M 2.5 M 4.0 M | Percent purity: 98.0%, specific gravity: 1.84 g/cm3, percent weight: 98.08 g/mole | Merck Specialities Private |
Nitric Acid (HNO3) | 1.0 M 2.5 M 3.5 M 5.0 M | Percent purity: 69.0%, specific gravity: 1.42g/cm3, percent weight: 63.01 g/mole | HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. |
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid (TFMS) | 1.0 M 2.5 M | ||
Sodium Hydroxide | 1.0 M 2.0 M 5.0 M | NaOH | |
Copper (II) Chloride, pH 1 | 0.5 M NaCl + 0.1M CuCl2 4.5M NaCl + 0.5 M CuCl2 4.5 M NaCl + 0.1 M CuCl2 4.5 M NaCl + 1.0 M CuCl2 | CuCl2 2H2O |
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Ajiboye, A.E.; Olasehinde, F.E.; Adebayo, O.A.; Ajayi, O.J.; Ghosh, M.K.; Basu, S. Extraction of Copper and Zinc from Waste Printed Circuit Boards. Recycling 2019, 4, 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030036
Ajiboye AE, Olasehinde FE, Adebayo OA, Ajayi OJ, Ghosh MK, Basu S. Extraction of Copper and Zinc from Waste Printed Circuit Boards. Recycling. 2019; 4(3):36. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030036
Chicago/Turabian StyleAjiboye, Ayorinde Emmanuel, Folorunsho Emmanuel Olasehinde, Ojo Albert Adebayo, Olubode John Ajayi, Malay Kumar Ghosh, and Suddhasatwa Basu. 2019. "Extraction of Copper and Zinc from Waste Printed Circuit Boards" Recycling 4, no. 3: 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030036