Influence of Softening Mechanisms on Base Materials Plastic Behaviour and Defects Formation in Friction Stir Lap Welding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
3. Numerical Simulation Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Macrostructure and Morphology
4.2. Mechanical Properties
4.3. Thermomechanical Analysis
5. Conclusions
- The thermomechanical conditions (temperature, strain and strain rate) experienced during dissimilar AA5754 to AA6082 friction stir lap welding strongly depend on the plastic behaviour of the base materials at high temperatures.
- The thermal softening experienced by the AA6082 alloy, due to precipitate dissolution, increased its flowability, and so, it promoted a very intense upward material flow when this alloy was located at the bottom of the lap joint, giving rise to the formation of a hook defect in the welds.
- The hook defect reduces the load-bearing area of the welds, promoting lower NML values. Similarly, due to precipitate dissolution, the stir zone and TMAZ of the AA6082 similar welds recorded lower hardness.
- On the other hand, when the AA5754 aluminium alloy is positioned at the bottom of the lap joint, the vertical material flow is minimised, and welds with high NML values are achieved, and due to absence of precipitate-related softening, the hardness values are almost near to the base material hardness values.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Base Materials | Hardness (HV0.2) | Yield Stress (MPa) | Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
AA6082-T6 | 115 | 300 | 400 |
AA5754-H22 | 76 | 165 | 285 |
Rotational Speed (rpm) | Traverse Speed (mm·min−1) | Tilt Angle (deg.) | Plunge Depth (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
600 | 300 | 2 | 1.2 |
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Sabari, S.; Galvão, I.; Leitão, C.; Rodrigues, D.M. Influence of Softening Mechanisms on Base Materials Plastic Behaviour and Defects Formation in Friction Stir Lap Welding. J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2020, 4, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4040120
Sabari S, Galvão I, Leitão C, Rodrigues DM. Influence of Softening Mechanisms on Base Materials Plastic Behaviour and Defects Formation in Friction Stir Lap Welding. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2020; 4(4):120. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4040120
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabari, Sree, Ivan Galvão, Carlos Leitão, and Dulce Maria Rodrigues. 2020. "Influence of Softening Mechanisms on Base Materials Plastic Behaviour and Defects Formation in Friction Stir Lap Welding" Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 4: 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4040120