A Novel Dual-Band Implantable Antenna for Pancreas Telemetry Sensor Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Results
2.1. Antenna Design
Antenna Characteristics
2.2. Radiation Performance Analysis
2.2.1. Resonance
2.2.2. Surface Current Density
2.2.3. Realized Gain
2.2.4. Electric Current Distribution
2.3. Antenna Simulation in Anatomical Models
2.3.1. Reflection Coefficient
Male Phantom
Female Phantom
2.3.2. Specific Absorption Rate
2.3.3. Electrical Field Attenuation
2.3.4. Total Radiated Power (TRP)
3. Discussion
- Application of the proposed antenna to the other anatomical models provided by Sim4Life to study its performance and compare results.
- Extension of the wireless antenna connection study, within an anatomical model with an external receiver, inside a medical room.
- Further downsizing of the proposed antenna designed in this work, with structure modifications and algorithms.
- The construction of the proposed antenna could be carried out to study in vitro its behavior in a real environment within a liquid or gel that simulates the dielectric characteristics of human tissue. Such methods have been used in Reference [3] for exporting experimental data.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency | Relative Permittivity (εr) | Bulk Conductivity (S/m) |
---|---|---|
402.5 MHz | 61.2155 | 0.8779 |
2.45 GHz | 57.201 | 1.968 |
Frequency | Realized Gain (dB) at 402.5 MHz | Realized Gain (dB) at 2.45 GHz |
---|---|---|
Without Elements | −42.4 | −24.6 |
Shorting pin | −35 | −22.3 |
Shorting pin and U-slot | −30.8 | −24.1 |
Proposed Antenna | −31 | −22 |
Structure Modifications | Electric Field (V/m) at 402.5 MHz | Electric Field (V/m) at 2.45 GHz |
---|---|---|
Without Elements | 47.7 | 2501.6 |
Shorting pin | 1007.5 | 1885.9 |
Shorting pin and U-slot | 3554 | 4784.5 |
Proposed Antenna | 3408.6 | 3770.6 |
Human Phantom | Frequency | SAR, 1 g (W/kg) | Pmax, 1 g (mW) | SAR, 10 g (W/kg) | Pmax, 10 g (mW) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 402.5 MHz | 148.38 | 10.8 | 59.6 | 33.6 |
2.45 GHz | 217.4 | 7.4 | 57 | 35.1 | |
Female | 402.5 MHz | 192.34 | 8.3 | 63.48 | 31.5 |
2.45 GHz | 258.5 | 6.1 | 61.62 | 32.4 |
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Matthaiou, M.; Koulouridis, S.; Kotsopoulos, S. A Novel Dual-Band Implantable Antenna for Pancreas Telemetry Sensor Applications. Telecom 2022, 3, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3010001
Matthaiou M, Koulouridis S, Kotsopoulos S. A Novel Dual-Band Implantable Antenna for Pancreas Telemetry Sensor Applications. Telecom. 2022; 3(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthaiou, Maria, Stavros Koulouridis, and Stavros Kotsopoulos. 2022. "A Novel Dual-Band Implantable Antenna for Pancreas Telemetry Sensor Applications" Telecom 3, no. 1: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3010001