Patients with High Pre-Operative Physical Activity Take Longer to Return to Baseline
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Activity Levels | Low Pre-Operative Activity | Moderate Pre-Operative Activity | High Pre-Operative Activity | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age mean ± SD (n, min–max) | 61.9 ± 10.4 (1612, 19–91) | 65.1 ± 10.2 (403, 24–91) | 61.4 ± 10.0 (806, 19–87) | 59.4 ± 10.6 (59, 23–81) | <0.0001 |
BMI mean ± SD (n, min–max) | 29.4 ± 6.0 (1606, 16.8–55.6) | 31.5 ± 6.7 (402, 18.6–53.2) | 29.6 ± 5.6 (804, 16.8–55.6) | 27.1 ± 5.1 (400, 16.9–47.1) | <0.0001 |
Sex—female n (%) | 832 (51.6) | 223 (55.3) | 404 (50.1) | 205 (50.9) | 0.22 |
All Activity Levels Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | Low Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | Moderate Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | High Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-operative step count | 5151 ± 2973 (1612, 88–26,151) | 1953 ± 739 (403, 88–3059) | 4745 ± 1026 (806, 3059–6682) | 9162 ± 2462 (403, 6706–26,151) | <0.0001 |
4 weeks | 4966 ± 2960 (1557, 40–28,911) | 2780 ± 1932 (382, 40–11,506) | 4763 ± 2337 (782, 92–28,911) | 7494 ± 3023 (393, 149–19,565) | <0.0001 |
6 weeks | 5483 ± 3035 (1529, 32–24,635) | 3104 ± 1990 (369, 32–11,506) | 5301 ± 2406 (773, 292–24,635) | 8113 ± 2494 (387, 616–19,056) | <0.0001 |
3 months | 6016 ± 3328 (1368, 79–33,094) | 3567 ± 2483 (325, 79–14,915) | 5768 ± 2435 (680, 239–21,729) | 8672 ± 3551 (363, 295–33,094) | <0.0001 |
6 months | 6167 ± 3474 (1305, 19–21,196) | 3414.6 ± 2289 (302, 19–16,206) | 5963 ± 2754 (657, 58–17,408) | 8954 ± 3480 (346, 729–21,196) | <0.0001 |
12 months | 6244 ± 3634 (927, 193–25,282) | 3563 ± 2557 (209, 193–17,792) | 5913 ± 2807 (464, 327–18,484) | 9056 ± 3804 (254, 828–25,282) | <0.0001 |
Percent recovery | |||||
4 weeks | 111.8 ± 89.8 (1557, 1.5–1653.0) | 159.4 ± 149.2 (382, 6.5–1653.0) | 102.8 ± 55.8 (782–2.9–752.0) | 83.3 ± 31.1 (393, 1.5–241.0) | <0.0001 |
6 weeks | 124.1 ± 98.2 (1529, 6.8–1873.0) | 180.5 ± 166.2 (369, 12.4–1873.0) | 114.4 ± 57.3 (773, 6.8–640.8) | 89.9 ± 29.5 (387, 8.8–248.5) | <0.0001 |
3 months | 137.3 ± 116.8 (1368, 3.9–1900.0) | 211.4 ± 204.6 (325, 3.9–1900.0) | 124.1 ± 56.0 (680, 6.4–528.3) | 95.7 ± 33.8 (363, 4.1–252.0) | <0.0001 |
6 months | 137.4 ± 113.8 (1305, 1.4–1609.7) | 203.0 ± 199.4 (302, 7.6–1609.7) | 127.6 ± 63.3 (657, 1.4–519.0) | 98.9 ± 35.6 (346, 10.4–265.4) | <0.0001 |
12 months | 138.8 ± 130 (927, 6.9–2135.5) | 215.5 ± 237.4 (209, 8.9–2135.5) | 125.4 ± 63.7 (464, 6.9–589.2) | 100.2 ± 37.6 (254, 11.8–303.9) | <0.0001 |
Step Count Change from Pre-operative | Low Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | p Value | Moderate Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | p Value | High Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 weeks | 805 ± 1885 (382, −2667–9352) | <0.0001 | 15 ± 2337 (782, −5124–25,066) | 0.86 | −1687 ± 3180 (393, −22,705–10,659) | <0.0001 |
6 weeks | 1132 ± 1944 (369, −2164–10,715) | <0.0001 | 560 ± 2369 (772, −4884–20,791) | <0.0001 | −1082 ± 2971 (386, −19,355–11,224) | <0.0001 |
3 months | 1603 ± 2447 (325, −2523–13,908) | <0.0001 | 1014 ± 2369 (680, −5866–17,566) | <0.0001 | −492 ± 3125 (363, −10,156–19,962) | 0.003 |
6 months | 1453 ± 2271 (299, −2258–15,199) | <0.0001 | 1176 ± 2676 (652, −5496–13,146) | <0.0001 | −219 ± 3293 (342, −18,044–12,498) | <0.0001 |
12 months | 1614 ± 2556 (207, −2275–16,785) | <0.0001 | 1117 ± 2730 (462, −6213–15,347) | <0.0001 | −58 ± 3274 (251, −12,027–15,409) | 0.78 |
KOOS JR | All Activity Levels Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | Low Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | Moderate Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | High Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-operative | 52.90 ± 12.9 (1571, 0–100) | 50.09 ± 13.67 (390, 0–92.34) | 52.63 ± 12.60 (784, 0–100) | 56.18 ± 11.99 (397, 8.10–92.34) | <0.0001 |
1 month | 73.43 ± 12.34 (1555, 20.81–100) | 71.30 ± 12.89 (383, 23.74–100) | 74.06 ± 12.32 (780, 20.81–100) | 74.24 ± 11.61 (392, 36.36–100) | 0.0005 |
3 months | 81.98 ± 13.17 (1453, 20.81–100) | 79.98 ± 13.44 (353, 39.90–100) | 81.97 ± 13.04 (723, 20.81–100) | 83.86 ± 12.94 (377, 39.90–100) | 0.0004 |
6 months | 86.17 ± 13.19 (1358, 32.74–100) | 84.69 ± 13.72 (332, 32.74–100) | 86.07 ± 13.09 (675, 36.36–100) | 87.77 ± 12.71 (351, 46.65–100) | 0.009 |
12 months | 89.88 ± 12.17 (1081, 43.34–100) | 88.23 ± 12.85 (259, 49.86–100) | 90.41 ± 11.73 (528, 43.34–100) | 90.38 ± 12.24 (294, 43.34–100) | 0.044 |
Δ1 month | 20.38 ± 15.2 (1530, −30.53–74.9) | 20.93 ± 15.84 (373, −15.89–70.99) | 21.34 ± 14.83 (767, −24.18–74.9) | 17.97 ± 15.08 (390, −30.53–71.54) | 0.001 |
Δ3 months | 28.99 ± 16.02 (1432, −41.01–85.26) | 29.5 ± 16.94 (344, −7.08–76.71) | 29.31 ± 15.62 (712, −41.01–85.26) | 27.93 ± 15.88 (376, −27.68–71.54) | 0.32 |
Δ6 months | 32.97 ± 15.76 (1338, −26.33–84.37) | 33.83 ± 16.63 (325, −13.92–84.37) | 33.33 ± 15.53 (663, −26.33–84.37) | 31.48 ± 15.29 (350, −14.55–79.2) | 0.11 |
Δ12 months | 36.75 ± 16.64 (1070, −21.94–100) | 37.64 ± 15.92 (256, −18.87–70.99) | 37.77 ± 15.06 (521, −21.91–100) | 34.15 ± 16.14 (293, −18.01–72.45) | 0.004 |
All Activity Levels Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | Low Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | Moderate Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | High Pre-Operative Activity Mean ± SD (n, Min–Max) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pain | |||||
Pre-operative | 6.05 ± 1.97 (1457, 0–10) | 6.38 ± 1.90 (354, 1–10) | 6.13 ± 1.98 (723, 0–10) | 5.62 ± 1.94 (380, 0–10) | <0.0001 |
30 days | 2.58 ± 2.00 (1339, 0–10) | 2.75 ± 2.11 (333, 0–9) | 2.51 ± 1.98 (662, 0–10) | 2.54 ± 1.94 (344, 0–9) | 0.19 |
90 days | 1.62 ± 1.95 (1251, 0–10) | 1.75 ± 2.11 (284, 0–9) | 1.53 ± 1.83 (629, 0–10) | 1.67 ± 2.02 (338, 0–9) | 0.25 |
Δ 30 days | −3.42 ± 2.55 (1316, −10–5) | −3.60 ± 2.65 (327, −9–4) | −3.52 ± 2.52 (650, −10–5) | −3.03 ± 2.48 (339, −9–3) | 0.005 |
Δ 90 days | −4.35 ± 2.63 (1162, −10–9) | −4.44 ± 2.87 (259, −10–6) | −4.49 ± 2.54 (582, −10–9) | −4.01 ± 2.56 (321, −10–5) | 0.02 |
Satisfaction | |||||
Pre-operative | 11.13 ± 6.99 (1452, 0–40) | 10.58 ± 7.58 (353, 0–40) | 11.02 ± 6.97 (721, 0–40) | 11.78 ± 6.40 (378, 0–34) | 0.06 |
30 days | 26.68 ± 12.02 (1543, 0–40) | 26.46 ± 12.17 (384, 0–40) | 26.67 ± 12.15 (770, 0–40) | 26.89 ± 11.64 (389, 0–40) | 0.88 |
90 days | 31.51 ± 10.19 (1328, 0–40) | 31.07 ± 10.81 (310, 0–40) | 31.81 ± 9.91 (663, 0–40) | 31.34 ± 10.17 (355, 0–40) | 0.53 |
Δ 30 days | 15.71 ± 13.41 (1414, −32–40) | 16.19 ± 13.84 (344, −26–40) | 15.69 ± 13.33 (701, −32–40) | 15.29 ± 13.16 (369, −30–40) | 0.65 |
Δ 90 days | 20.35 ± 12.13 (1233, −32–40) | 20.18 ± 13.07 (283, −26–40) | 20.84 ± 11.86 (611, −32–40) | 19.62 ± 11.82 (339, −30–40) | 0.32 |
EQ-5D-5L | |||||
Pre-operative | 0.479 ± 0.268 (1437, −0.447–1.0) | 0.383 ± 0.286 (349, −0.447–0.94) | 0.479 ± 0.263 (712, −0.425–1.0) | 0.568 ± 0.226 (376, −0.334–0.94) | <0.0001 |
30 days | 0.730 ± 0.174 (1366, −0.249–1.0) | 0.694 ± 0.183 (336, −0.07–1.0) | 0.739 ± 0.176 (680, −0.249–1.0) | 0.747 ± 0.156 (350, 0.067–1.0) | <0.0001 |
90 days | 0.841 ± 0.169 (1254, −0.216–1.0) | 0.817 ± 0.165 (286, −0.125–1.0) | 0.849 ± 0.166 (631, −0.216–1.0) | 0.849 ± 0.177 (337, −0.153–1.0) | 0.019 |
6 months | 0.875 ± 0.156 (1225, −0.04–1.0) | 0.850 ± 0.174 (292, −0.04–1.0) | 0.878 ± 0.149 (603, −0.04–1.0) | 0.893 ± 0.149 (330, −0.022–1.0) | 0.002 |
12 months | 0.894 ± 0.154 (1081, −0.329–1.0) | 0.879 ± 0.171 (261, −0.329–1.0) | 0.888 ± 0.152 (519, −0.312–1.0) | 0.919 ± 0.134 (301, −0.04–1.0) | 0.004 |
Δ 30 days | 0.247 ± 0.279 (1252, −0.719–1.066) | 0.313 ± 0.295 (302, −0.47–1.066) | 0.254 ± 0.280 (619, −0.719–1.007) | 0.175 ± 0.245 (331, −0.614–0.879) | <0.0001 |
Δ 90 days | 0.356 ± 0.277 (1147, −0.769–1.153) | 0.424 ± 0.298 (256, −0.438–1.087) | 0.363 ± 0.272 (572, −0.63–1.153) | 0.289 ± 0.253 (319, −0.769–1.076) | <0.0001 |
Δ 6 months | 0.389 ± 0.272 (1123, −0.424–1.175) | 0.455 ± 0.313 (261, −0.353–1.175) | 0.391 ± 0.261 (549, −0.40–1.153) | 0.329 ± 0.241 (313, −0.424–1.008) | <0.0001 |
Δ 12 months | 0.403 ± 0.271 (999, −0.443–1.153) | 0.482 ± 0.308 (239, −0.443–1.087) | 0.394 ± 0.262 (474, −0.272–1.153) | 0.353 ± 0.238 (286, −0.442–1.064) | <0.0001 |
EQ-VAS | |||||
Pre-operative | 72.06 ± 16.75 (1429, 2–100) | 69.83 ± 17.57 (350, 10–100) | 71.60 ± 17.13 (704, 2–100) | 74.98 ± 14.77 (375, 20–100) | 0.0001 |
30 days | 79.89 ± 13.44 (1367, 0–100) | 77.77 ± 14.99 (336, 0–100) | 80.63 ± 12.72 (684, 0–100) | 80.51 ± 13.07 (347, 0–100) | 0.004 |
90 days | 84.13 ± 11.90 (1245, 0–100) | 81.99 ± 13.31 (282, 40–100) | 84.44 ± 10.84 (632, 30–100) | 85.39 ± 12.35 (331, 0–100) | 0.001 |
6 months | 84.95 ± 11.89 (1225, 0–100) | 82.53 ± 12.91 (293, 31–100) | 84.85 ± 12.27 (603, 0–100) | 87.26 ± 9.61 (329, 40–100) | <0.0001 |
12 months | 85.37 ± 12.73 (1083, 0–100) | 82.30 ± 14.39 (263, 0–100) | 85.84 ± 11.58 (518, 0–100) | 87.25 ± 12.65 (302, 0–100) | <0.0001 |
Δ 30 days | 7.86 ± 16.56 (1252, −85–70) | 8.54 ± 18.49 (305, −80–68) | 8.67 ± 15.81 (620, −71–70) | 5.69 ± 15.87 (327, −85–65) | <0.0001 |
Δ 90 days | 12.05 ± 16.20 (1139, −78–88) | 12.05 ± 16.34 (256, −45–68) | 12.58 ± 16.25 (570, −32–88) | 11.09 ± 16.01 (313, −78–55) | 0.43 |
Δ 6 months | 12.67 ± 16.9 (1119, −80–88) | 13.12 ± 18.99 (265, −41–73) | 12.52 ± 16.94 (544, −80–88) | 12.54 ± 14.83 (310, −40–59) | 0.88 |
Δ 12 months | 13.04 ± 17.49 (1002, −93–86) | 12.58 ± 18.56 (244, −50–86) | 13.73 ± 17.24 (471, −90–78) | 12.29 ± 16.96 (287, −93–60) | 0.49 |
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Redfern, R.E.; Crawford, D.A.; Lombardi, A.V., Jr.; Tripuraneni, K.R.; Van Andel, D.C.; Anderson, M.B.; Cholewa, J.M. Patients with High Pre-Operative Physical Activity Take Longer to Return to Baseline. Surgeries 2024, 5, 220-233. https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries5020021
Redfern RE, Crawford DA, Lombardi AV Jr., Tripuraneni KR, Van Andel DC, Anderson MB, Cholewa JM. Patients with High Pre-Operative Physical Activity Take Longer to Return to Baseline. Surgeries. 2024; 5(2):220-233. https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries5020021
Chicago/Turabian StyleRedfern, Roberta E., David A. Crawford, Adolph V. Lombardi, Jr., Krishna R. Tripuraneni, David C. Van Andel, Mike B. Anderson, and Jason M. Cholewa. 2024. "Patients with High Pre-Operative Physical Activity Take Longer to Return to Baseline" Surgeries 5, no. 2: 220-233. https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries5020021